Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project
Aim: To know how to model a building with the help of National building code
1) National building code is a document, that provides gate line for construction of structures like resedential, institutional, educational, commercial, assembly and storage spaces or even a hazardous buildings also. Actually it is important to follow these guidelines that are meant to protect the overall health of the construction and ensure the health and safety of the public and the resedence. These standardised codes are published in 1970 and revised later in 1983. The latest version was in 2016 and before that we have revised in 2005. Building codes are standards that are essential for the modelling and for efficiency of drawing in revit software
a) A set of standards that are uniform to all structures:
These building codes are provided a set of standards that are uniform to all structures, therefore, it gains the modelling process.
b) It protects the construction safety: It protects overall health of the constructiion as well as the public and resedence and the designer constantly refer these building codes for modelling which enhance there knowledge in the field and also it enables to combine the modern construction methods with the standard conventional standards. These standards also helps the government agencies to approve the plans as it become the law of particular jurisdiction when formally enacted by appropriate government or authority. Therefore it provides the building standards with the approval of government agencies for approving the plans
c) Modern construction methods
d) Provides building standards
2) Based on the NBC, the groups are subdivided into 9 to begin the modelling
Group A: Residential buildings
Group B: Educational buildings
Group C: Assembly buildings
Group D: Institutional buildings
Group E: Mercantile buildings
Group F: Business buildings
Group G: Storage buildings
Group H: Industrial buildings
Group J: Hazardous buildings
3) The basic steps from initialisation to final stage are
a) Initiation: In this stage, it is necessary to figure out the project, figure out the objective of the project, determine whether the project is feasible and identifying the major deliverables from the project. The major step involves in the initiation step is undertaking the feasibility study and then identifying the scope, then identifying the deliverables become out of this project, then identifying the project stakeholders, and finally developing a statement of work
b) Planning: Once the project is approved to move forward based on business case, statement of work, or project initiation document, the next phase is planning. During this phase the large project is broken into smaller tasks. Build your team and prepare a schedule for the completion of assignments. To creating a smaller goals with the larger projects making sure each is achievable within the time frame. Smaller goals should have high potential for success. The major steps for this planning steps is we need to create a project plan, we need to create a workflow diagrams, estimating a budgets, gathering resources, anticipating risks and potential quality of road blocks. and finally holding a project kick of the meeting
c) Execution: This phase turns planning into action, that is from plan to action, the project manager job is to keep our work on track, he organize a team members to manage timelines and make sure that the work is done according to the original plan.This execution stage must have a steps called creatings tasks and organizing workflows and then briefing team members about the projects, communicating with the team members, monitoring quality of work, then finally managing the budgets as per the initiation projects
d) Closure: Once the team as completed work on a project, closure phase starts. In this closure phase, we provide final deliverables, release and determine the success of the project. The major steps involved in a closure projects are to analyse the project performance, analysing the team performance, documenting project closure, and we need to conduct in post implementation reviews and finally accounting for used and unused budgets
4) There are different disciples involved in the construction of a project they are,
a) Construction: it is managing the building of civil engineering system from beginning to end which includes the coordination between both the owners, contractors, and even the designers also
b) Finance and estimating: They can operate in the business world to include in accounting, financial contracts and estimating the cost of activities
c) Contracts and bids: They demonstrate strong bidding practices and effective contract administration is integral to acquiting the next job or project as a construction manager
d) Geotechnical: Desinging foundations and earthquake systems to support soil itself and transfer load from structure to the earth while limiting settlements
e) Managements: It helps to managing equipments, personal and suply to build more effectively also efficiently and as well as economically
f) Structural: This team design the system of structural members used to support loads for a specified public functions such as bridge, buildings, dams and some towers also
g) Surveying: Apart from surveying team, they can measure physical features which include horizontal distance and elevtion differences to determine the property lines, layout, buildings and producing the maps
Apart from these disciples, we can include the architectural people, strutural people, plumbing people, mechanical peoples, civil enginering people
5) As per the NBC,
a) Four unit apartments: Group A- Resedential building
b) School with capacity of 1000 students: Group B- Educational building
c) A single unit shop: Group E- Mercantile building
d) Multi story shopping complex: Group E- Mercantile/ commercial building
e) Steel machine factory: Group H- Industrial Building
6) Design team:
a) Helps to finalise the plan- The project requiring such multidisciplinary imports needs a coordinated approach among the professionals for proper integration of various design imputs, for this and to take care of the complexity of the multidisciplinaries requirements, a design team of proffesionals from requires disciplines shall be constitute at the appopraite stage. It is desirable that the multidisciplinaries integration is initiated right from the conceptual stage itself. The team shall finalise the plan
b) Evaluatinaries in the project- The composition of team shall be depend on the nature and magnitute of the project. Design is a evalutionary and Participated process participation of owner constitute a very important input at all the stages and the same shall be ensured by the design team
c) Implementation of the designs- To ensure proper implementation of the design, the design team may associated during the both construction and even the execution stage also. They are all follow the rule of NBC Clause 4.1.
Management team
a) Accomplishment of project: They have accomplish the project in efficient time and proper budget
b) Execute the design: This team is also responsible for the day to day execution as well as the design, supervision, quality control etc and they also ensure interdesciplinary coordination during the construction stage
c) Achieves the satisfactory completion of the project: They are also responsible to achieve the satisfactory completion of the project it trigger to past, time and quality. Some members of design team may also include this team. It is important that the leaders and members of this team depending upon the size and complexity of the project are carefully select the considering there qualifiaction, experience and expertise in these fields
All the design team and management team roles are followed as per the NBC Clause 4.1 and Clause 4.2
7) a) Height of limitation
As per NBC 2005, Clause C-2.5, the height of the building shall not exceed 15m (Page. no 43)
About my model
The height of the building in my model is 6.4m which is less than 15m
Hence it follows NBC guidelines
b) Area Limitations:
As per NBC C-2.3.1, page no 43
According to NBC 2005, the minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75%, shall not be less than 40sq. m in small and medium town and not less than 30sq.m in metropolian area
About my model:
The area occupied by the building in my model is greater than 40sq.m Floor area of my model is 47'8"X40'8" i.e, 175 sq.m
Hence, it follows NBC guidlines
c) Room sizing: As per NBC 2005, C-3.3, page no 43
About my model
In my model the number of rooms in the building is 4 and the total area of the rooms is( 38.32m2) X2+ (36.33m2) x2= 149.3m2
, which is greater than the value specified in the code. Hence the building is safe
d) Wall height:
According to NBC 2005, Clause F-3.4, the minimum height of rooms and spaces should be
a) Habitable room- 2.75m
b) Kitchen- 2.6m
c) Bath/ Water closet- 2.2m
d) Corridors- 2.1m
Incase of sloping roof the averages height of roofs for habitable rooms shall be 2.75m and the minimum height at eaves shall be 2.1m
About my model
In my model all the walls have a height of 3m which is greater than the minimum wall height specified in the code. Hence it is satisfied
Thickness based on fire and life safety
The thickness for masonry walls is given by the table 2 of fire and life safety section of NBC 2005
About my model
In my model the wall thickness is 8"(203mm) which is greater than the specified value in the NBC code book. Hence, model is safe
Passageway requirements
As per NBC 2005, table 1
About my model
The width of means of access is 7.00m and the length of means of access is 151m, hence the requirements is satisfied in my model
8) As per question 7, all the standards of NBC are satisfying in my building
1) Height of the building should be 1.5 times the width of the street and as I have made this model in a residential town my street width is 10m so the height of my building should be 1.5*10= 15m
Therefore my building height is 46feet= 46/3.281= 14.02m hence satisfied
Area limitations can be seen from the table 3of floor area ratio FAR
FAR= Total covered area of all floors/total plot area= 108m2
total floors2= 108*2= 216m2
total plot area= 180m2
FAR= 216/180= 1.2m2 it comes under type 1,2,3
Room size is my standard size as per the NBC
Kitchen area with sepearate dining room should not be less than 5m2