Challenge

Identification of Cracks

Aim: To identify the mode failure or damage of the structure member based on the images.

1):

a):

Type cause: Damage

Reason:

At the column and beam junction the concrete portion is damage but there is no effect on the reinforcement bars so it can be a repairable one
Such type damages are cause due to heigh compressive stress and tensile stress acting on the beam
Or the damage occurs due to lateral force as we can see the beam is damage the junction point the plastic hinge forms at the bottom end of the beam.

b):

Type cause: Damage

Reason:

Its a concrete column which is effect by cracks due to incorrect design, faulty construction or overloading.
Or The concrete portion is effect due formwork or curing.
Or the cracks are developed due heat energy effect.
The reinforcement are not effected so it can be repairable.one

c):

Type cause: Damage

Reason:

As it is clears that the structure is effected at the beam column junction is causes due to lateral forces
The beam column junction is not design properly which effect form of the plastic hinge at the junction point
There is no effect on the reinforcement bars the damage is repairable.

2):

a):

Type cause: Failure

Reason:

This column is partially crushed and reinforcement bars are slightly bent. This type of effect occurs due heavy load on the column
This type of failures are subjected to shear failures. Or there is a possibility external forces or lateral forces

b):

Type cause: Failure

Reason:

As it is clear that the concrete is crushed completely. But the reinforcement bars are not bent
This kind of failure are also subjected to shear failure in the column
There is no possibility of repairing of the column without the function of the structure

c):

Type cause: Failure

Reason:

It is clear that the failure is occurred at the time of construction only even the formwork is not removed
The concrete is completely collapsed and reinforcement bars are bent slightly. This is mainly occur due to improper design
This kind of failure are also subject to the shear failure as we can that the bars are bent the so the external lateral force is act on the column.

Result:

Ship work like this
in your own course.