Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge
AIM
- Prepare a report explaining the different fender regulations.
- Add snapshots of measurements and tabulate them.
FENDER
- Fender is the Amrecican English term for the part of an automobile, motorcycle or other vehicle body that frames a wheel well (the fender underside).
- In other word Fender is a housing for the wheels that keeps road debris contained.
- The primary purpose of fender is to keep mud, rocks, sand, liquids and other road debris from being thrown around by the tires.
- The fender not only protects your car from sustaining damage from road debris but it prevents this debris from being thrown up at other vehicles on the road.
FENDER WHEEL ARCH
- Wheel Arch is the semi-circular part of the fender positioned above the wheel of the vehicle.
- The design of Wheel arch of a fender should be such that it must shield wheels and protect both passengers' compartment and pedestrians from projection of water, mud and stones.
- The weight of the wheel arch liner and the noise inside the passenger compartment, are to be reduced considerably.
- It is also of great importance to investigate the possibility to integrate the splash shield in the wheel arch liner to decrease the costs and simplify the assembly
FENDER REGULATION
The Government felt the need for a permanent agency to expedite the publication of standards and development of test facilities in parallel when the work on the preparation of the standards is going on, as the development of improved safety critical parts can be undertaken only after the publication of the standard and commissioning of test facilities.
- Regulation is change region to region.
- Regulation is fixed with respect to the region road condition.
TYPES OF FENDER REGULATION
- Japan Regulation Requirement
- European Regulation Requirement
- US Regulation Requirement
1. JAPAN REGULATION REQUIREMENT
- Measure clearance L of Tire, Hub, Cap & Fender in three different position within area K.
- It produce clearance check chart to validate.
- Acceptable clearance is must be greater than 5mm in all three position.
- From central vertical axis line value of forward 30 degree and rearward 50 degree must be more than 5mm.
2. EUROPEAN REGULATION REQUIREMENT
- Measure CL L at section SA-SA, SB-SB, SC-SC, SD-SD, and SE-SE.
- It produce CL L check chart to validate.
- At all five section the CL L value should be greater than 10mm to satisfy the European Regulation.
- Wheel guard requirement-: The value of ‘a’ shall be more than 5mm at a line 30o forward and 50o rearward from the central vertical axis of axis of wheel.
3. US REGULATION REQUIREMENT
- Make clearance check details on all positions from -100o to 100o.
- Make the clearance table.
- All regulation must be greater than 5mm to satisfy the regulations.
- The value of ‘a’ shall be more than 5mm at a line 30o forward and 50o rearward from the vertical axis of axis of wheel.
PURPOSE OF FENDER REGULATION
- Purposes of the type-approval procedure provided for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework Directive).
- Vehicle type with regard to wheel guards’ means vehicles which do not differ in such essential respects as the characteristics of the wheel guards or the minimum and maximum tyre and wheel sizes suitable for fitment, taking into account the applicable tyre envelopes, rim sizes and wheel off-sets.
- ‘tyre envelope’ means the maximum section width and outer-diameter of a tyre, including tolerances, as permitted and specified according to its component approval;
- ‘snow traction device’ means a snow chain or other equivalent device providing traction in snow, which shall be able to be mounted onto the vehicle's tyre/wheel combination and which is not a snow tyre, winter tyre, all-season tyre or any other tyre by itself.
EUROPEAN STANDARD REGULATION REPORT
- The requirements set out in that Directive should be carried over to this Regulation and, where necessary, amended in order to adapt them to the development of scientific and technical knowledge.
- Fundamental provisions on requirements for the type-approval of certain motor vehicles with regard to wheel guards. Therefore it is necessary to also set out the specific procedures, tests and requirements for such type approval.
- The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Technical Committee – Motor Vehicles.
A. CL L VALUE OF 5 SECTION
1. CL L VALUE OF SECTION SA
|
AT 90o Angle |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
SECTION SA-SA |
+10mm |
9.9490mm |
FAIL |
2. CL L VALUE OF SECTION SB
|
FORWARD 30o Angle |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
SECTION SB-SB |
+10mm |
10mm |
PASS |
3. CL L VALUE OF SECTION SC
|
REARWARD 50o Angle |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
SECTION SC-SC |
+10mm |
0.777573mm |
FAIL |
4. CL L VALUE OF SECTION SD
|
BISECTOR LINE |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
SECTION SD-SD |
+10mm |
18.7768mm |
PASS |
5. CL L VALUE OF SECTION SE
|
LINE 150 ABOVE |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
SECTION SE-SE |
+10mm |
38.1149mm |
PASS |
B. WHEEL GUARD REQUIREMENT VALUE OF 'a'
1. VALUE OF 'a' AT SECTION SA
|
SECTION |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
SECTION SA-SA |
25.9920mm |
2. VALUE OF 'a' AT SECTION SB
|
SECTION |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
SECTION SB-SB |
+5mm |
43.6263mm |
PASS |
3. VALUE OF 'a' AT SECTION SC
|
SECTION |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
SECTION SC |
+5mm |
38.3597mm |
PASS |
4. VALUE OF 'a' AT SECTION SD
|
SECTION |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
SECTION SD |
42.6624mm |
5. VALUE OF 'a' AT SECTION SE
|
SECTION |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
SECTION SE |
47.6251mm |
RESULTS
A. MEASURING CHART OF ‘CL L’ VALUE OF 5 SECTION
|
S.NO. |
SECTION |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
1. |
SA-SA |
+10mm |
9.9490mm |
FAIL |
|
2. |
SB-SB |
+10mm |
10mm |
PASS |
|
3. |
SC-SC |
+10mm |
0.777573mm |
FAIL |
|
4. |
SD-SD |
+10mm |
18.7768mm |
PASS |
|
5. |
SE-SE |
+10mm |
38.1149mm |
PASS |
At all five section the CL L value should be greater than 10mm to satisfy the European Regulation.
- The value of CL L value is less than 10mm in section SA-SA and in section SC-SC. So, both are not acceptable and need some work on structure.
- The value of CL L value is 10mm or more than 10mm in section SB-SB, SD-SD and in section SE-SE. So, it is considered as acceptable value and pass in result.
B. MEASURING CHART OF ‘a’ VALUE OF 5 SECTION
|
S.NO. |
SECTION |
REQUIRED VALUE |
ACTUAL VALUE |
RESULTS |
|
1. |
SA-SA |
25.9920mm |
||
|
2. |
SB-SB |
+5mm |
43.6263mm |
PASS |
|
3. |
SC-SC |
+5mm |
38.3597mm |
PASS |
|
4. |
SD-SD |
42.6624mm |
||
|
5. |
SE-SE |
47.6251mm |
- Wheel guard requirement-: The value of ‘a’ shall be more than 5mm at a line 30o forward and 50o rearward from the central vertical axis of axis of wheel.
- The measured value in section SB-SB (30o forward) and section SC-SC (50o rearward) is more than 5mm. So, it is considered as acceptable value and pass as result.
CONCLUSION
Fender regulation is important for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles. We considered here as European standard regulation method. In which the acceptable value need no work on structure but the value which is not consider as acceptable, should have some work on structure of fender arch for the approval of vehicle for safety and for proper wheel lining.
At some section the actual value is not fulfill the required value. So, the car is not passes the European Standard.