Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge

AIM:

To create a report on fender regulation and to calculate the wheel Arc area and prove whether the car will pass the standards or Not by Using the Europian Standards.

FENDER:

• Fender is the US English term for the part of an automobile (vehicle body) that frames a wheel well (the fender underside).
• Its primary purpose is to prevent sand, mud, rocks, liquids, and other road spray from being thrown into the air by the rotating tire.
• When vehicle is moving, tyres pick up stones and others and hurl them in all directions. Fenders are basically present to prevent any injuries to pedestrians and contain the motion of these particles
• Most passenger automobiles have four fenders, one over each wheel. For vehicles with a narrow car body that exposes the tire, the fender is an exposed curve over the top of the tire. For wide body vehicles that cover the tire, the fender forms the wheel well surrounding the tire, and is not directly visible from above the car body.
• Wheel wells tend to be much larger than the diameter of the tire, because they do not move with the tire suspension and consequently must be large enough to allow the full range of tire motion on the suspension without touching the interior of the wheel well.
• More elaborate designs include fender skirts for enclosing the outside edge of the wheel well, and stylized pontoon fenders for exposed fenders.

Types of fender

The type of fender is based upon the area covered i.e., full fender type and half fender type.

• Full fender type:

Full fender type is traditional type of fender where more material consumption is observed. This type is used in old design of automobiles where it increases the overall weight and thus reduces performance. The maintenance also relatively more due to more surface.

• Half fender type:

Half fender type is modern design where less material consumption is observed, so productivity increases by reducing size of blank and thus providing more performance. The maintenance also relatively low compared to full bumper type.

Japan Requirements for fender wheel arch:

• measure clearence L of tire , hub, cap & fender in three different positions within area K and produce clearance check chart to validate.
• clearance must be greater than 5mm in all the three positions.
• whell guard requirement: the value a shall be more than 5 mm at a line 30* forward and 50* rearward from the central vertical axis of axis of wheel.

US Standards regulation for fender wheel arch:

• Make clearance check details on all positions from -100* to 100* & make the clearance check table.
• all values should be greater than 5mm to satisfy the regulation.
• the value of 'a' shall be more than 5mm at a line 30* forward and 50* rearward from the central vertical axis of axis of wheel.

European regulation:

Measure CL L at section SA-SA SB-SB SC-SC SD-SD SE-SE and produce CL check chart to validate.

• at all five sections the CL L value should be greater than 10mm to satisfy the european regulations.
• wheel guard requirement: the value of 'a' shall be more than 5mm at a line 30* forward and 50* rearward from the central vertical axis of axis of wheel.

STEPS FOLLOWED IN CREATING THE SKETCH REQUIREMENT FOR EUROPEAN STANDARDS

1. A Horizontal and vertical axis is drawn from the centre of the wheel.
2. The vertical axis intersection point is labelled as A.
3. Similar references are drawn at 30 degrees to left and 50 degree to the right and named it as B and C respectively.
4. A line of 150mm is drawn perpendicular to the horizontal axis and normal from the normal point on fender which gives point E.
5. The midpoint of the arc cut by the sections C and E results in a new section D.
6. The value of 'L' at each section and the value of 'a 'are found out to detrmine whether the fender satisfies the european standards as shown below.

VALUE OF L AT B SECTION

VALUE OF L AT A SECTION

VALUE OF L AT C SECTION

VALUE OF L AT D SECTION

VALUE OF L AT E SECTION

THE VALUES AT C,D AND E SECTIONS ARE NEGATIVE VALUES.

 

From the comparing above four section (like SA, SC, SD and SE) the fender doesn't pass the European standards for the wheel arch.

From the below fig- the Obtaining  the value of clearance 'a' from the wheel guard requirement.

Conclusion:- 

• Negative sign indicates that the wheel arc is behind the wheel
• All the section don\'t have the CL L value at least 10mm, only SA  is seen to have value 10mm
• I  have study from the above results, We have conclusion that the fender does not pass the European Regulations, as the Minimum Clearence value of 'L' between the fender wheel arch and wheel for vehicle and Safety is 10 mm and this design does't meet the requirement.