Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge

AIM:-

           Calculate the Wheel Arch gap at required points and check whether the car passes the European standard.

WHEEL ARCH:-

             The wheel arch is the semicircular part positioned above the wheel of a vehicle. The most important body change was that the front wheel arch was cut higher into the fender. Corrosion had occurred around the splash plate at the back of the wheel arch.

FENDER WHEEL ARCH

 Wheel Arch is the semi-circular part of the fender positioned above the wheel of the vehicle. The main role of wheel arch is it protects both passenger’s compartment and pedestrians from the projection of water, mud and stones. The wheel arch area is usually designed as a cover or shield over the tyre along its perimeter to stop any debris or stones, dirt, sand, snow, etc from getting thrown into the vehicle or onto other vehicles or pedestrians on the road. Different countries have different wheel arch regulations and the wheel arch design has to comply with them to be deemed usable in that country.

TYPES OF FENDER:

The type of fender is based upon the area covered i.e. full fender type and half fender type.

Full bumper type :

Half bumper type :

 

Different fender regulation by different countries are as follow :

1.JAPAN REQUIREMENTS FOR FENDER WHEEL ARC:-

1.Measure clearance L of tire, hub, cap, and fender in three different positions within area K and produce a clearance check chart to validate.

2.Clearance must be greater than 5mm in all three positions .   

3.Wheel guard requirement: the value shall be more than 5mm at a line 30*forward and 50*rearward from the central vertical axis of the wheel.

2.US STANDARDS REGULATION FOR FENDER WHEEL ARC:-

1.Make clearance check details on all positions from -100* to 100* and make the clearance check table.

2.All values should be greater than 5mm to satisfy the regulation.

3.The value of ‘a’ shall be more than 5mm at line 30* forward and 50*rearward from the central vertical axis of wheel.

3.EUROPEAN REGULATION:-

1.The european regulation requires a pre- determined clearance or a minimum distance of 10 mm to be maintained between the fender and respective tyre at particular points, along the tyre profile as shown below .

2.Wheel guard requirement : The value of 'a' should be more than 5 mm at line 30 degree forward and 50 degree reward from the central vertical axis of the wheel .

Calculation of Wheel arch area according to European Regulations :

• A Datum plane is created at the outermost face of the wheel .
• Horizontal and vertical line is created from the center of wheel and make it  reference.
• Create 30 degree and 50 degree line with respect to vertical line .
• Now take offset of 150mm from the horizontal line .
• Now create 5 point on plane and project it into the fender.
• Now measure the clearance 'L’.

Why they have different requirements ?

• This is because of the road condition and also due to population density at the particular country.
• As in japan population density is high means speed limit will be low due to which at low speed the mud partical will spread slow so it have less distance ( 5mm) .
• While in europ population density is less means speed limit will be high due to which at high speed the mud partical will spread fast so it have more distance (10mm ) 

We have to Calculate the Wheel Arc area and prove whether the car will pass the standards or not under European Regulation

Given data

First of all, we have to understand the European Regulation requirements

First, we define wheel centre and create perpendicular line and project vertical line to top view this Point will be ‘A’. Then to find point B we make 30* angle to forward and 50* reward, at 150mm offset of horizontal line then mark SD and SE points

The value of clearance at ‘SA’ at centre & ‘SB’, ‘SC’ should be more than 10mm at the line 30* forward and 50* reward from the central vertical axis of wheel. Here we have made another 2 points to be measure that will be SD & SE is also more 10mm

Below chart shows the Actual value of clearance between tire and wheel arch / wheel well

Measurement of point	SA	SB	SC	SD	SE
Required length	10	10	10	10	10
Actual Length	9.489	10	0.1137	-2.8759	-5.9726
Remark	FAIL	PASS	FAIL	FAIL	FAIL

CONCLUSION:

AS per European regulation requirements the clearance at give point should be minimum 10mm, more than 10mm can be accepted but at only one point there is 10mm clearance and other point clearance value is less than 10mm so the car will not pass the standards. the design of fender needs to modify