Objective: To demonstrate to Rayleigh Taylor Instability using Ansys Fluent Introduction: Molecular mixing due to stirring by turbulence in a process with many practical applications. If the densities of the participating flow are very different, they are referred to as variable density flow. It is encountered in atmospheric…

Objective: To set up flow simulation through a pipe. To run a grid independence test and find the effect of grid size on y+ value. To study the effect of supercyling interval on the simulation. Introduction: Conjugate Heat transfer(CHT) is a term used to descibe processes involving variations in temperature within solids…

Objective: To find the effect of pre heating on the Adiabatic Flame Temperature in a constant Pressure process Find the effect of Preheating on fuel saving.  Introduction: A recuperator is a heat exchanger in which heat is transferred from the hot flue gases to the inlet air in a combustion process. The combustion…

Introduction: The steady atate and transient analysis of a plate is performed for conduction using different iterative techniques. The governing equation is as follows: `(delT)/(delt)=alpha((del^2T)/(delx^2)+(del^2T)/(dely^2))` The above equation is discretised and solved with the help of three iterative techniques namely…

Objective: To simulate flow through a throttle body using Converge. Introduction: A throttle is a flow control device used to regulate a fluid flowing through a section of a pipeline. In the current problem, a butterfly throttle is used. A butterfly throttle consistes of a disc positioned at the centre of the pipe and…

Objective: To extract the midsurface of the given model and mesh it according to the specified quality parameters. Methodology: The given geometry is as shown in the figure below: The topo option is used to stitch the geometry together and the geometry check is performed and the geometry corrections are made. The orientation…

Objective: To solve a system of equations using Newton Raphson Method Equations: `(dy_1)/(dt)=-0.04y_1+10^4y_2y_3` `(dy_2)/(dt)=0.04y_1-10^4y_2y_3-3 xx10^7y_2^2` `(dy_3)/(dt)=3xx10^7y_2^2` Method: The system of equations is a stiff system which means that of a large timestep is taken, the system can become unstable…

Objective:  To run a NO Hydro simulation in a PFI Engine and examine mesh generation and valve movement To perform the full Hydro simulation of the Engine and study the spray parcel distribution and flame propogation. To calculate Compression Ratio and various performance parameters such as the Power, torque, Combustion…

Objective: To simulate the flow through a throttle body through 25 degrees rotation of the throttle plate with time. Introduction: A butterfly throttle valve used for simulation in the current project is an integral part of a traditional IC engine and is basically used to control the engine speeds. It consists of a throttle…

Objective: To define all the connections involved in a Car Rear Door. Methodology: The FE of the car rear door is as shown in the figure below: The different types of connections that can be present in this system: Bolts Seam Welds Spot welds Weather stripping of the windows and door. The washers are generated by using…

A numerical method is said to be unstable if small perturbations cause the solution to oscillate and diverge. Consider the ODE: `f(y)=(dy)/dx=-1000y-e^(-t)` Numerical schemes are of two types: Explicit Implicit In explicit schemes the values of the previous timestep are used for computation and if implicit schemes are…

Introduction: A Combustion reaction contains thousands of intermediate reactions each having their individual rate constants.The reaction mechanism produces a number of observable parameters such as temperature profiles,laminar flame speed, species concentration.These depend largely on operating conditions of the reaction.…

Reaction Mechanism: `CO +O_2 Leftrightarrow CO_2 +O` `O+H_2O Leftrightarrow OH +OH` `CO +OH Leftrightarrow CO_2+H` `H+O_2 Leftrightarrow OH +O` The reaction rate ODEs for the reaction mechanism are as follows: `(d[CO])/(dt)=-k_(f1)[CO][O2]+k_(r1)[CO2][O]+k_(r3)[CO2][H]-k_(f3)[CO][OH]` `(d[O_2])/(dt)=-k_(f1)[CO][O2]+k_(r1)[CO2][O]+k_(r4)[OH][O]-k_(f4)[H][O2]`…

Objectives:  To obtain the Adiabatic Flame Temperature at Constant Volume and find the effect of equivalence ratio on final adiabatic flame temperature. To find the effect of heat loss on the adiabatic flame temperature in a constant presuure system. To find the change in adiabatic flame temperature with different…

Objective: To clean up the given model and mesh it according to the given quality criteria Methodology: The geometry given is of the rear suspension system.  The model is checked for geometrical errors and the orientation of the faces is checked. The tyre, tyre rim and the rest of the model are saved in different…

Objective: To mesh the rear view mirror according to the given quality criteria. Quality Parameters: Target length: 1 Minimum Length:0.5 Maximum Length:2 Tetcolapse 0.2 Methodology: Geometry Check: The geometry os the given rear view mirror can be seen in the figure below  The first step is to change the resolution…

Objective: To perform various morphing techniques on the given component. Methodology: The given geometry is as shown in the figure below: The geometry is stitched using the topo option and the geometry check is performed.All the triple cons are corrected.  The next step is to introduce a Morph Box from the Morphing…

Objective: To simulate flow through a Backward Facing Step for different grid sizes. Introduction: A Backward Facing Step (BFS) consists of numerous flow characteristics like flow seperation, flow reattachment,and recirculation zones. The reattachment point is dependent on several operating and boundary conditions like…

Objective: To apply Reynolds Decomposition to NS Equations and obtain the expression for Reynold\'s Stress Introduction: Turbulence or Turbulent flow is motion of fluid characterized by chaotic change in pressure and flow velocity,unlike laminar flow where fluid flows in parallel layers without disruption between them.It…

Objective: To repair the geometry, and extract the midsurface of the given component and generate the mesh according to the given quality criterion. Quality Criteria: Model 1: Time taken: 4hrs 35mins This is the model of a switch panel in the side door of a car. The geometry can be seen below. The geometry check is performed…

Objective: To simulate a shock tube, to plot the temperature and pressure in the domain. Introduction: A shock tube is device used for studying the flow of thigh temperature and high velocity gases. A shock tube consists of a diaphram seperating the High Pressure and Low Pressure chambers. The gas in the high pressure…

Objective: To analyse flow in a supersonic nozzle using conservative and non conservative forms using Macormack Method. Introduction: The geometry being analysed in a convergent divergent nozzle. The nozzle is 3m long.The initial profiles are defined in the form of equations.The area is defined by: `A=1+2.2(x-1.5)^2`  …

Objective: To simulate a backward facing step using icoFoam solver in OpenFoam using different mesh grading. Introduction: The geometry that is being analysed is as follows: The mesh is created with the following details: Number of elements in the x direction:200 Number of elements in the y direction :20(this is selected…

Objective: To conduct CHT Analysis on the exhaust port of an IC Engine using ANSYS Fluent. Introduction: Conjugate Heat Transfer describes processes where there are temperature variations in both solids and fluids. There is thermal interaction between the solid and fluid. For CHT analysis, solid material conduction and…

Objective: To simulate laminar flow through a pipe using wedge angle and axi symmetry In a pipe flow the profile develops as shown in the figure below(image taken from wikipedia) For a laminar flow the parameters can be determined as follows: The diameter of the pipe is assumed to be 0.025m The Reynolds Number is 2100…

Objective:To simulate a Prandtl Meyer shock problem and study the effect of SGS temperature value on cell count and Shock Location Introduction: When an object moves through gases, the molecules are deflected around the object. If the speed is less than the speed of sound,density remains constant. However when the flow…

Objective: To generate a mid plane for the bottle cap using both auto mid and manual mid techniques. Methodology: The geometry clean up is performed for the given part. The geometry check is performed. The auto mid surface id geneated with a minimum length of 0.5 and target length of 1 The manual mid is extracted using…

In Finite volume method the computational domain is subdivided into finite number of control volumes where the boundaries define the Control Volume and the centres of these are the computational node. Considering !D conduction: Using the Integral form: `intd/dx(gamma(dphi)/(dx))dV+intSdV=0` `(gammaA(dphi)/(dx))_e-(gammaA(dphi)/(dx))_w+SDeltaV=0`…

Objective: To perform a CHT analysis on a Graphics Card and determine maximum temperature attained by the processor. Introduction: The graphics card is responsible for rendering an image to the monitor by converting data into signals. A better and smoother image can be produced with the help of a graphics card. The graphics…

Objective: To generate a sector geometry of the combustion chamber of the CAT3140 Engine for the Open W and Omega Pistion configurations. To run a simulation of both these generated sector profiles using same parameters. To analyse and compare the different operative conditions of both configurations and compare their…

A skewed scheme is useful in cases where the point that requires computation required a higher order approximation but has data available for data points only on one end of the point that is being computed. The skewed schemes are mostly chosen according to the reliability of the data available at the neighbouring points.If…

Objective: To simulate the flow of fluid in a channel using CONVERGE for different mesh sizes. Methodology: The geometry is created using the create geometry option. The dimensions are as follows: X: 0.1m Y:0.01m Z:0.01m. The boundary conditions are applied  to the surfaces as follows: The Top and Bottom suffaces…

Objectives: To study the variation of Auto Ignition time of Methane with a constant temperature for different Initial Pressures. To study the variation of Auto Ignition time of Methane with a constant pressure and different Initial Temperatures.   To find the rate of change of molar concentrations of the elements…

 The general combustion equation is as follows: `C_xH_y+a(O_2+3.76N_2) rightarrow xCO_2+(y/2)H_2O+3.76aN_2` The air is assumed to be composed of Oxygen and Nitrogen where oxygen is 21% and Nitrogen is 79%. i.e One mole of air has 3.76 moles of Oxygen. Thus the total moles of air would be 4.76a. The Air Fuel is defined…

Objective: To mesh the intake manifold as per the specified quality criteria Quality Parameters: Target Length:5 Minimum Length:3 Maximum Length:7 Tetcolapse:0.2 Time Taken:3 hrs 50 mins Methodology: Geometry : The given geometry is shown in the figure below: The resolution of part is changed and made finer in order to…

Objective: To simulate the flow across an Ahmed body and find the drag coefficient. Introduction: Ahmed body is a bluff body that represents a generic car body. It has a simplistic shape and has the basic aerodynamic properties of a vehicle and has been used as a reference in many aerodynamic studies. Optimization of external…

Objective: To simulate one dimensional laminar flow through a pipe and compare the results for different wedge angles The diameter of the pipe is taken as 0.02m in this case. the corresponding values of the other parameters are as follows:  Pipe Diameter:0.02 Reynolda Number 2100 Inlet velocity:0.0937m/s Entry Lengthy:2.52m…

Objective: To write a code to compile a reduced reaction mechanism for the GRI mechanism under different state values. To run a reference Ignition delay and Max temperature Analysis for the unreduced mechanism for a set of state values (Temperature, Pressure and Equivalence ratio) for a time duration of (5 sec). To perform…

Objective:To conduct a parametric study on a gate valve and study the variation of flow coefficient for different amount of gate opening.Introduction:Gate valve is a type of valve that uses a gate or a wedge type disk and disk moves perpendicular to flow to start or stop the fluid flow in piping.It is mainly used in process…

Objective: Simulation of a cyclone separator on Ansys Fluent using DPM. Study of various models used in predicting the cyclone efficiency Study the influence of particle size on the efficiency Study the efficiency of flow velocity on the collection efficiency. Introduction: Cyclone separators are separation devices that…

Objective: To simulate combustion in a cylindrical combustor using the axisymmetric formulation. Introduction: The rapid chemical reaction between fuel and oxidant and involves fluid flow. Combustion simulation is carried out to increase power generation and to decrease polutants. Types of Combustion Modelling: Non-Premixed…