Week 5 Challenge
Aim: To select three Li-ion batteries and to compare them based on the following parameters
1. Energy Density
2. Operating temperature range
3. Thermal Runaway characteristics
4. Cycle life
5. Allowable C-Rate (continuous and pulse)
Introduction
A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used for portable electronics and electric vehicles and are growing in popularity for military and aerospace applications.
In the batteries, lithium ions move from the negative electrode through an electrotype to the positive electrode during discharge, and back when charging. Li-ion batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as the material at the positive electrode and typically graphite at the negative electrode. The batteries have a high energy density, no memory effect, and low self-discharge. They can, however, be a safety hazard since they contain flammable electrolytes, and if damaged or incorrectly charged can lead to explosions and fires.|
Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LiCoO2)
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Lithium Manganese Oxide(LiMn2O4)
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Lithium Nickel Manganese CobaltOxide(LiNiMnCoO2)
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| Energy Density | 280 W h kg−1 | 4.1 g/cm3 at 25 °C | 125–150 W·h·kg−1 |
| Operating temperature range | 75–325 °C | 10–40 °C | 0–40°C |
| Thermal Runaway characteristics | 150°C (302°F). Full charge promotes thermal runaway | 250°C (482°F) typical. High charge promotes thermal runaway | 210°C (410°F) typical. High charge promotes thermal runaway |
| Cycle life | 500–1000, related to the depth of discharge, load, temperature | 300–700 (related to the depth of discharge, temperature) | 1000–2000 (related to the depth of discharge, temperature) |
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Allowable C-Rate (continuous and pulse) |
1. Charge C-rate: 0.7–1C, charges to 4.20V (most cells); 3h charge typical. Charge current above 1C shortens battery life. 2. Discharge C-rate: 1C; 2.50V cut off. Discharge current above 1C shortens battery life. |
1. Charge C-rate: 0.7–1C typical, 3C maximum, charges to 4.20V (most cells) 2. Discharge C-rate: 1C; 10C possible with some cells, 30C pulse (5s), 2.50V cut-off |
1. Charge C-rate:
0.7–1C, charges to 4.20V, some go to 4.30V; 3h charge typical. Charge current above 1C shortens battery life. 2. Discharge C-rate: 1C; 2C possible on some cells; 2.50V cut-off |