Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry
BELONG TO LIVE SESSION BATCH EV 17
1.Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it
ANSWER:
- NCA – Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2)
- LMO – Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4)
- LCO – Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2)
- LTO- Lithium Titanate (Li2TiO3)
- NMC- Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2)
- LFP - Lithium Iron Phosphate(LiFePO4)
Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2)-LCO
Its high specific energy makes Li-cobalt the popular choice for mobile phones, laptops and digital cameras. The battery consists of a cobalt oxide cathode and a graphite carbon anode. The cathode has a layered structure and during discharge, lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode. The flow reverses on charge. The drawback of Li cobalt is a relatively short life span, low thermal stability and limited load capabilities (specific power).
Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn204) - LMO
Li-ion with manganese spinel was first published in the Materials Research Bulletin in 1983. In 1996, Moli Energy commercialized a Li-ion cell with lithium manganese oxide as cathode material.LMO batteries are usually used in medical devices and equipment, power tools, electric bikes and more. The architecture forms a three dimensional spinel structure that improves ion flow on the electrode, which results in lower internal resistance and improved current handling. A further advantage of spinel is high thermal stability and enhanced safety, but the cycle and calendar life are limited.
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LINICOAIO2) - NCA
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide battery, or NCA, has been around since 1999 for special applications. It shares similarities with NMC by offering high specific energy, reasonably good specific power and a long life span. Less flattering are safety and cost. NCA is a further development of lithium nickel oxide; adding aluminum gives the chemistry greater stability.It used as the cathode material for lithium ion batteries, and is mainly used in electric automobiles.
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnC002) - NMC
One of the most successful Li-ion systems is a cathode combination of nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC). Similar to Li-manganese, these systems can be tailored to serve as Energy Cells or Power Cells. For example, NMC in an 18650 cell for moderate load condition has a capacity of about 2,800mAh and can deliver 4A to 5A; NMC in the same cell optimized for specific power has a capacity of only about 2,000mAh but delivers a continuous discharge current of 20A.
Lithium Iron Phosphate(LiFePO4) - LFP
Li-phosphate offers good electrochemical performance with low resistance. This is made possible with nano-scale phosphate cathode material. The key benefits are high current rating and long cycle life, besides good thermal stability, enhanced safety and tolerance if abused.Li-phosphate is more tolerant to full charge conditions and is less stressed than other lithium-ion systems if kept at high voltage for a prolonged time. As a trade-off, its lower nominal voltage of 3.2V/cell reduces the specific energy below that of cobalt-blended lithium-ion.
Due to their constant voltage and safe discharge, LFPs have found applications in cars, bicycles and solar devices. They are also used as replacements for costly lead-acid starter batteries. They are well suited for applications that require high-load currents and endurance.
Lithium Titanate (LI2TiO3)-LTO
Batteries with lithium titanate anodes have been known since the 1980s. Li-titanate replaces the graphite in the anode of a typical lithium-ion battery and the material forms into a spinel structure. The cathode can be lithium manganese oxide or NMC. Li-titanate has a nominal cell voltage of 2.40V, can be fast charged and delivers a high discharge current of 10C, or 10 times the rated capacity. The cycle count is said to be higher than that of a regular Li ion. Li-titanate is safe, has excellent low-temperature discharge characteristics and obtains a capacity of 80 percent at -30°C.
They use it in different applications like UPS, electrical power trains, solar powered street lights, fast charge stations and forklifts. Other applications for LTO batteries include aerospace and military uses, and more importantly wind and solar energy storage and smart grids creation
COMPARISION OF BATTRIES WITH THEIR REACTION :
2.Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics
ANSWER:
