Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry
Solution 1:
Anode : Oxidation takes place which leads to release of electrons.
Cathode : Redution takes place which leads to the absorption of electrons.
| Cell | LCO | LMO | NCA | NMC | LFP | LTO |
| Anode | Graphite | Graphite | Graphite | Graphite | Graphite | Lithium |
| Cathode |
Lithium Cobalt-oxide |
Manganese-dioxide |
Lithium Nickel cobalt aluminum oxide |
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide |
Lithium Iron Phosphate |
Lithium Manganese Oxide (or) Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide |
|
Chemical Reaction |
Anode: LiC6 <=> C6 + Li+ + e− Cathode: CoO2 + Li+ + e− <=> LiCoO2 Overall: C6 + LicoO2 <=> LiC6 + CoO2 |
Anode: LiC6 <=> C6 + Li+ + e− Cathode: MnO2 + Li+ + e− <=> LiMnO2 Overall: C6 + LiMn2O4 <=> LiC6 + Mn2O4 |
Anode: LiC6 <=> C6 + Li+ + e− Cathode: NiCoAlO2 + Li+ + e− <=> LiNiCoAlO2 Overall: C6 + LiNiCoAlO2 <=> LiC6 + NiCoAlO2 |
Anode: LiC6 <=> C6 + Li+ + e− Cathode: NiMnCoO2 + Li+ + e− <=> LiNiMnCoO2 Overall: C6 + LiMnCoO2 <=> LiC6 + NiMnCoO2 |
Anode: LiC6 <=> C6 + Li+ + e− Cathode: Fepo4 +LI+ +e- <=> LiFepo4 Overall: C6 + LiFePO4 <=> LiC6 + FePo4 |
Anode: Li4Ti5O12 <=> Ti5O12 + 4Li+ + 4e- Cathode: 4Mn2O4 + 4Li+ + 4e- <=> 4LiMn2O4 Overall: 4Mn2O4 + Li4Ti5O12 <=> 4LiMn2O4 +Ti5O12 |
Battery Specification in details:
| Cell | Voltage | Specific Energy | Charge | Discharge | Cycle Life |
| LCO | 3.60 V | 150-200Wh/kg | 0.7-1C | 1C | 500-1000 |
| LMO | 3.70 V | 100-150 Wh/Kg | 0.7-1C | 1C | 300-700 |
| NCA | 3.60 V | 200-260 Wh/Kg | 0.7C | 1C | 500 |
| NMC | 3.60 V | 150-200 Wh/kg | 0.7-1C | 1C,2C | 1000-2000 |
| LFP | 3.20 V | 90-120 Wh/kg | 1C | 1C,25C | <2000 |
| LTO | 2.40 V | 50-80 Wh/kg | 1C,5C | 10C | 3000-7000 |
Solution 2:
Comparison of Lithium Battery types
| Cell |
Specific Energy |
Specific Power |
Safety | Lifespan | Cost | Performance |
| LCO | L | H | L | L | L | M |
| LMO | M | M | M | L | L | L |
| NMC | M | H | M | M | L | M |
| LFP | H | L | H | H | L | M |
| NCA | M | H | L | M | M | M |
| LTO | M | L | H | H | H | H |
L - LOW M- MODERATE H- HIGH