Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry
ANS 1
|
Sr. No |
Battery type |
Electrode material |
Chemical reaction |
|
1 |
LCO Lithium Cobalt oxide |
Cathode-Lithium cobalt oxide(LiCoO2). Anode – Graphite. |
At anode-LiC6 ->Li-+ + e- + C6 At cathode – CoO2 + Li-+ + e- -> LiCO2 Complete –LiC6 + CoO2 -> C6 + LiCoO2 |
|
2 |
LMO Lithium Manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) |
Cathode - Lithium Manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) Anode - Graphite |
At anode-LiC6 ->Li-+ + e- + C6 At cathode – Mn2O4 + Li-+ + e- -> LiMn2O4 Complete –LiC6 + Mn2O4 -> C6 + LiMn2O4 |
|
3 |
NCA Lithium nickel Cobalt Aluminium oxide |
Cathode - Lithium nickel Cobalt Aluminium oxide(LiNiCoAIO2) Anode- Graphite |
At anode-LiC6 ->Li-+ + e- + C6 At cathode – NiCoAIO2 + Li-+ + e- -> LiNiCoAIO2 Complete –LiC6 + NiCoAIO2 -> C6 + LiNiCoAIO2 |
|
4 |
NMC Lithium Nickel Manganese cobalt oxide |
Cathode - Lithium Nickel Manganese cobalt oxide Anode - Graphite |
At anode-LiC6 ->Li-+ + e- + C6 At cathode – NiMnCoO2 + Li-+ + e- -> LiNiMnCoO2 Complete –LiC6 + NiMnCoO2 -> C6 + LiNiMnCoO2 |
|
5 |
LFP Lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4) |
Cathode- Lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4) Anode- Graphite |
At anode-LiC6 ->Li-+ + e- + C6 At cathode – FePO4 + Li-+ + e- -> LiFePO4 Complete –LiC6 + FePO4 -> C6 + LiFePO4 |
|
6 |
LTO Lithium Manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) |
Cathode - Lithium Manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) Anode- LithiumTitanate(Li2TiO3) |
At anode-Li2TiO3-> TiO3 + 2Li+ + 2e- At cathode – Mn2O4 + 2Li+ +2e- ->LiMn2O4 Complete – Li2TiO3 + 2Mn2O4 -> 2 LiMn2O4 + TiO3 |
ANS 2
|
Battery Type |
Voltage |
Specific energy |
C-rate (Charge) |
C-rate (discharge) |
Cycle |
Thermal runway |
|
LCO |
3.6V nominal; Typical operating range 3 – 4.2 V/cell |
150-200 Wh/kg.Specialty Cells provide upto 240Wh/kg. |
0.7-1C, Charges to 4.2v; 3h charge typical. Charge current above IC shortens battery life |
IC; 2.50V cut off.Discharge current above IC shortens battery life. |
500-1000, related to depth of discharge,load, Temperature. |
150 deg cel,Full charge promotes thermal runaway. |
|
LMO |
3.70V Nominal;typical operating range 3.0-4.2v/cell |
100-150 Wh/kg |
0.7-1C typical,3C maximum, charges to 4.20V |
1C;10C possible with some cells, 30C pulse(5s)2.5V cut-off |
300-700(related to the depth of discharge temperature) |
250 deg cel, High charge promotes thermal runaway |
|
NMC |
3.6V,3.70V nomial; typical operating range 3.0-4.2V/cell |
150-220 Wh/kg |
0.7-IC, charges to 4.20V, Some go to 4.30V; 3h charge typical. Charge current above 1C shortens battery life |
1C; 2C Possible on some cells;2.50V cut-off |
1000-2000(related to depth of discharge temperature) |
210 deg cel typical. High charge promotes thermal runaway. |
|
LFP |
3.20,3.30V nominal; typical operating range 2.5-3.65V/cell |
90-120wh/kg |
IC typical,charges to 3.65V; 3h charge time typical |
1C,25C on some cells; 40A pulse(2s); 2.50V CUT OFF |
2000 and higher ( related to depth of discharge temperature) |
270 deg cel, Very safe battery even if fully charged |
|
NCA |
3.60V nominal; typical operating range 3.0-4.2 V/ cell |
200- 260 Wh/KG |
0.7C, charges to 4.20V, 3h charge typical, fast charge possible with some cells |
IC typical; 3.0 V cut off; high discharge rate shortens battery life |
500(related to depth of discharge temperature) |
150 deg cel typical, high charge promotes thermal runway |
|
LTO |
2.40 V nominal; typical operating range 1.8-2.85V/cell |
50-80 Wh/kg |
1 C typical; 5C maximum,charges to 2.85v |
10C possible, 30C 5s pulse; 1.80V cut-off on LCO/LTO |
3000-7000 |
One of safest Li-ion Batteries |
|
Battery Type |
Voltage |
Specific energy |
C-rate (Charge) |
C-rate (discharge) |
Cycle |
Thermal runway |
|
LCO |
3.6V nominal; Typical operating range 3 – 4.2 V/cell |
150-200 Wh/kg.Specialty Cells provide upto 240Wh/kg. |
0.7-1C, Charges to 4.2v; 3h charge typical. Charge current above IC shortens battery life |
IC; 2.50V cut off.Discharge current above IC shortens battery life. |
500-1000, related to depth of discharge,load, Temperature. |
150 deg cel,Full charge promotes thermal runaway. |
|
LMO |
3.70V Nominal;typical operating range 3.0-4.2v/cell |
100-150 Wh/kg |
0.7-1C typical,3C maximum, charges to 4.20V |
1C;10C possible with some cells, 30C pulse(5s)2.5V cut-off |
300-700(related to the depth of discharge temperature) |
250 deg cel, High charge promotes thermal runaway |
|
NMC |
3.6V,3.70V nomial; typical operating range 3.0-4.2V/cell |
150-220 Wh/kg |
0.7-IC, charges to 4.20V, Some go to 4.30V; 3h charge typical. Charge current above 1C shortens battery life |
1C; 2C Possible on some cells;2.50V cut-off |
1000-2000(related to depth of discharge temperature) |
210 deg cel typical. High charge promotes thermal runaway. |
|
LFP |
3.20,3.30V nominal; typical operating range 2.5-3.65V/cell |
90-120wh/kg |
IC typical,charges to 3.65V; 3h charge time typical |
1C,25C on some cells; 40A pulse(2s); 2.50V CUT OFF |
2000 and higher ( related to depth of discharge temperature) |
270 deg cel, Very safe battery even if fully charged |
|
NCA |
3.60V nominal; typical operating range 3.0-4.2 V/ cell |
200- 260 Wh/KG |
0.7C, charges to 4.20V, 3h charge typical, fast charge possible with some cells |
IC typical; 3.0 V cut off; high discharge rate shortens battery life |
500(related to depth of discharge temperature) |
150 deg cel typical, high charge promotes thermal runway |
|
LTO |
2.40 V nominal; typical operating range 1.8-2.85V/cell |
50-80 Wh/kg |
1 C typical; 5C maximum,charges to 2.85v |
10C possible, 30C 5s pulse; 1.80V cut-off on LCO/LTO |
3000-7000 |
One of safest Li-ion Batteries |