Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

Que.1) Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it.

NAME	ANODE	CATHODE	SEPERATOR	ANODE REACTION	CATHODE REACTION	OVERALL REACTION	ELECTROLITE
Lithium Cobalt oxide(LCO)	Graphite	Lithium Cobalt	Polyolefin	LiC6↔C6+Li^(+)+e^(-)	CoO2+Li^(+)+e^(-)↔LiCoO2	C6+LiCoO2↔LiC6+CoO2	Ethylene Carbonate
Lithium magnise oxide(LMO)	Graphite	Lithium magnise	Polyolefin	LiC6↔C6+Li^(+)+e^(-)	MnO2+Li^(+)+e^(-)↔LiMnO2	C6+LiMnO4↔LiC6+Mn2O4	Lithum halid
Lithium likel cobalt alumunium oxide(NCA)	Graphite	likel cobalt alumunium	Polyolefin	LiC6↔C6+Li^(+)+e^(-)	NiCoAlO2+Li^(+)+e^(-)↔LiNiCoAlO2	C6+LiNiCoAlO2↔LiC6+NiCoAlO2	Ethylene Carbonate
Lithium Nikel magnise cobalt oxide(NMC)	Graphite	Nikel magnise cobalt	Polyolefin	LiC6↔C6+Li^(+)+e^(-)	NiMnCoO2+Li^(+)+e^(-)↔LiNiMnCoO2	C6+LiNiMnCoO2↔LiC6+NiMnCoO2	Lithium Salt
Lithium iron phosphet(LFP)	Graphite	iron phosphet	Polyolefin	LiC6↔C6+Li^(+)+e^(-)	FePO4+Li^(+)+e^(-)↔LiFeO4	C6+LiFePO4↔LiC6+FePO4	Ethylene Carbonate
Lithium Titanate(LTO)	Graphite	Lithium Titanate	Polyolefin	Li4Ti5o12↔Ti5O12+4Li^(-)+4e^(-)	4MnO4+4Li^(+)+4e^(-)↔4LiMn2O4	4Mn2O4+Li4Ti5O12↔4LiMn2O4+Ti5O12	Lithium Salt

Lithium magnise oxide(LMO):The start/stop technology requires the battery to provide high cold cranking power at low temperatures. In this report, the low temperature performance of LMO/LTO (lithium manganese oxide/lithium titanate) lithium ion battery with three different electrolytes were studied on pouch cells incorporated with the referance electrode(RE).Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis in conjunction with the reference electrode was applied to unravel the influence of electrolyte and individual electrode on the battery's low temperature performance. Results demonstrate that it is the LMO electrode that limits the cell discharge performance at −30 °C and an electrolyte with a considerable amount of ester as co-solvent delivers the best low temperature performance. The LMO/LTO battery with the optimal electrolyte passes the U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) cold cranking test at −30 °C using an assumed 40Ah battery pack.

Lithium Cobalt oxide(LCO):Application base on cathode for solid state batteries, solid state battery, Li-ion battery, high voltage cathode, catalyst, supercapacitor. its colour is Fine, black powder.Cerpotech applies spray pyrolysis, a soft chemistry technique with a great potential, to produce high quality, multi-component ceramic oxide powders. With this aqueous-based environmentally friendly technology, Cerpotech is able to offer fine complex ceramic oxide powders of tailored compositions with high phase purity, high chemical purity, very high homogeneity, narrow particle distribution, offering excellent properties for further processing at competetive prices.

Lithium likel cobalt alumunium oxide(NCA):A hydrometalergical process is developed to recover valuable metals of the lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (NCA) cathodes from spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Effect of parameters such as type of acid (H₂SO₄, HNO₃ and HCl), acid concentration (1–4 mol L⁻¹), leaching time (3–18 h) and leaching temperature (25–90 °C) with a solid to liquid ratio fixed at 5% (w/v) are investigated to determine the most efficient conditions of dissolution. The preliminary results indicate that HCl provides higher leaching efficiency. In optimum conditions, a complete dissolution is performed for Li, Ni, Co and Al. In the nickel and cobalt recovery process, at first the Co(II) in the leaching liquor is selectively oxidized in Co(III) with NaClO reagent to recover Co₂O₃, 3H₂O by a selective precipitation at pH = 3. Then, the nickel hydroxide is precipitated by a base addition at pH = 11. The recovery efficiency of cobalt and nickel are respectively 100% and 99.99%.

Lithium Nikel magnise cobalt oxide(NMC):NMC batteries are found in most electric car. NMC batteries were installed in the BMW ActiveE in 2011/2011, and from 2013 in the BMW i8. Electric cars with NMC batteries include, as of 2020: Audy eTRON-GE, BAIC EU5 R550, BMWi3, Chevrolet Bolt, Hyundai Kona Electric, Jaguar I-Pace, Jiangling Motors JMC E200L, NIO ES6, Nissan Leaf S Plus, Renault ZOE, Roewe Ei5, VW e-Golf and VW ID.3. There are only a few electric car manufacturers that do not use NMC in their traction batteries. The most important exception is Tesla, as Tesla uses NCA batteries for its vehicles. However, the home storage Tesla powerwall is said to be based on NMC.

Lithium iron phosphet(LFP):Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) is an inorganic compound with the formula LiFePO. It is a gray, red-grey, brown or black solid that is insoluble in water. The material has attracted attention as a component of Lithium iron phosphet batteries ,a type of Li-ion. This battery chemistry is targeted for use in power tools,electric vehicals, solar energy installations and more recently large grid-scale energy storage.Most lithium batteries (Li-ion) used in consumer electronics products use cathodes made of other lithium compounds, such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn₂O₄), and lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO₂). The anodes are generally made of graphite.

2.Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics?

Lithium magnise oxide(LMO):

formulae:LiMnO2

voltage:3.7V nominal, operating range 3-4.2 V/cell

specific energy:100-150wh/kg

anode:graphite

cathode:Lithium magnise

application:power tool,medical devices,electric powertrain

Lithium Cobalt oxide(LCO):

formulae:LiCoO2

voltage:3.6V nominal, operating range 3-4.2 V/cell

specific energy:150-200wh/kg

anode:graphite

cathode:Lithium Cobalt

uses:mobile phone,tablets,laptop

Lithium likel cobalt alumunium oxide(NCA):

formulae:LiNiCoAlO2

voltage:3.6V nominal, operating range 3-4.2 V/cell

specific energy:200-260wh/kg

anode:graphite

cathode:Lithium likel cobalt alumunium

uses:medical devices,industries,powertrain

Lithium Nikel magnise cobalt oxide(NMC):

formulae:LiNiMnCoO2

voltage:3.6V nominal, operating range 3-4.2 V/cell

specific energy:150-220wh/kg

anode:graphite

cathode:Lithium Nikel magnise cobalt

uses:electric vehicals,industries,powertrain

Lithium iron phosphet(LFP)

formulae:LiFeO4

voltage:3.2V nominal, operating range 2.5-3.65 V/cell

specific energy:90-120wh/kg

anode:graphite

cathode: iron phosphet

uses:portable and stationary needing high load current and endurance,verry fast voltage discharge curve but low capacity.