Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

AIM:
To Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells, and to Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics.

LET'S BEGIN WITH:

• a battery is a device which converts chemical energy into Electrical Energy.
• it is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices such as flashlights, mobile phones, and electric cars.
• its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode.

TYPES:

• Primary Battery: these batteries has limited usage, it can be charged only once, and these are non chargeable batteries, Eg. Watches, Calculator, radios, torches, AA & AAA, lithium Battery
• Secondary Battery: these batteries are Rechargeable and can be charged more than once.Eg. Automotive applications.

Internal construction:

• Electordes: a battery contains 2 terminals positve (Cathode) and Negative (Anode). the positive will be oxide or sulfide or other compound, while the negative terminal is made up of Metal alloy.
• Cathode: electrode through which conventional currect leavves an electrical device.
• Anode: Electrode through which the conventional current enters into a polarised electircal device.
• Electrolyte: medium that permits ionic conditions between electrodes.
• Separator: the separator acts as an insulating layer between electodes and prevents internal short circuits among the cell.

Lithium-ion Battery:

• A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode through an electrolyte to the positive electrode during discharge, and back when charging.

Types of Lion Battery:

1. Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LiCoO2) — LCO,
2. Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4) — LMO
3. Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2) — NMC
4. Lithium Iron Phosphate(LiFePO4) — LFP
5. Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2) — NCA
6. Lithium Titanate (Li2TiO3) — LTO
   

Table of comparrision:

Material and Chemical Reactions:

• Lithium Cobalt Oxide: LiCoO₂ cathode, graphite anode.
  

• Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4) — LMO

• Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2) — NMC
  

• Lithium Iron Phosphate(LiFePO4) — LFP
  

• Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2) — NCA
  

• Lithium Titanate (Li2TiO3) — LTO
  

CONCLUSION:

Thus the table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells is prepared and the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics is Compared. It is understood that Electric Vehicle technology is the Future of Automobile, so Welcome to the future.