Week 1 Challenge
1 – What is the full form of OEM?
original equipment manufacturer
2 – How the Design Responsibility goes in Automotive
focus on a car's interior, exterior, or trim and colors. In comparison, those who focus on exterior design create ideas of what the outside of a car should look like, then they turn those ideas into digital formats. Lastly, they sculpt their creations using 3D modeling, clay or other similar methods.
3) Name some Tire 4 Suppliers and what they Manufacture?
Tier 4: Raw material suppliers
Every product starts with raw materials. These can be farms, livestock farms, cotton plantations, or any other supplier of raw materials.
Supreme Industries Ltd:
Supreme Industries Ltd was founded in the year 1942. It is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Its product range includes polystyrene & polymer. the Company manufactures Industrial and engineering molded Furniture products, storage, and material handling crates, Dining Tables, Plastic Chairs, multilayer sheets, packaging films, expanded polyethylene foam, multilayer films, PVC pipes and fittings, molded furniture, Shatranj mats, disposable EPS containers.
Panache industries:
Based in Mumbai, India, Panache Industries manufacture & exports products like tube and pipe fittings, various types of valves including manifold valves, needle valves, and Air Headers & instrumentation accessories in different dimensions and materials (Stainless Steel, Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel, etc.)
Specto rubber industries, Mumbai:
All Types of Molded & Extruded Rubber Parts, Rubber Gaskets, Rubber Sheets, Rubber Diaphragms, Rubber Products, Rubber Mould.
Ssb polymers:
Manufacturing And Trading In Broad Range Of Plastic Raw Material, Plastic Raw Material Reprocessing Services, Virgin Plastic Raw Material, Color Masterbatches , Colored Plastic Granules , Job Work Of Reprocessing Of Plastic , Master Batches Plastic , Plastic Raw Materials , Polymer Granules , Polypropylene Granules , Pp Granules , Pvc Plastic Granules , Recycled Granules , Reprocessed Plastic Granules , Reprocessors Of Plastic Raw Materials , Thermoplastic Granules , Thermoplastic Raw Materials, Nylon Granules, ABS Granules, Industrial Plastic Raw Materials, Nylon Glass Filled Granules, ABS Plastic Granules, Flame Retardant ABS Granules, PPCP Black Granules, Black PP Granules, PP Talc Filled Granules, POM Plastic Granules, Polyoxymethylene Granules, Polycarbonate Granules, PMMA Plastic Granules, PMMA Red Granules, PVC Black Granules, Natural PVC Granules, PVC Colored Granules, PVC Transparent Granules, Polystyrene Granules, HIPS Granules, GPPS Granules, PBT Granules, PBT Black Granules, PBT Glass Filled Granules, Polyethylene Granules, LLDPE Granules, HDPE Granules.
4)When was the first Car Made?
On January 29, 1886, Carl Benz applied for a patent for his “vehicle powered by a gas engine.” The patent – number 37435 – may be regarded as the birth certificate of the automobile. In July 1886 the newspapers reported on the first public outing of the three-wheeled Benz Patent Motor Car, model no. 1
5) What kind of Seats are used in the first Car?
There’s the first car which was made in 1886 had a seat which is made of wood since it was a time when people were moving forward from carts so the first car also got many inspired by themself.
6) Define a 3D reference System?
The 3D reference system is used to locate all the components of the vehicle and how it’s going to get assembled then we can locate an entire car and seating system as well it’s one of the ways to communicate with tire 1 supplier, defined by a point of origin and three orthogonal directions.
If an axis system is selected before launching the command, the new axis system is a copy of the pre-selected axis system. Moreover, if the compass is attached to the 3D geometry, the new axis system orientations are the same as the compass'. Otherwise, the new axis system orientations are as per the current axis systems.
Here only the point was selected and nothing was specified for the axes.
7) Why 3D reference System is needed?
3D reference system or global reference system can help the designer out with locating a particular part among the ample of parts as a designer if we’ll have to work on a single part first thing, we need to locate itself first in here the 3d reference system playing a role. And we can easily identify a particular component among the number of components and work on that and we can define the work volume, center line of vehicle and sgrp as well.
8) What is X Plane and, in a Car, what is positive “x”?
X plane is a vertical Transverse plane that going through the middle of the vehicle along with the length of the car and positive X will be toward the rear side of the car and negative X will be toward the front side of the car.
9) What is “Zero Plan”?
The plane of a point where one of makes coordinate “0”
10) Define Point of origin?
It’s the intersection of three planes where all coordinate at zero,
11) Where Most OEM Points of Origin keep?
In many cases it will be on the front bumper or roof, it can be different from one OEM to another and individual platforms.
12) Difference between Work Lines and Grid Lines?
Grid lines are formed by the intersection of the planes in 100 mm increments parallel to x-z, y-z, and x-y and these are drawing lines as well.
The work line can be on individual components which allows the designer to rotate the part to understand and get a proper view of itself, and the grid line is for the complete car but the work line is for part.
13) Are Work Lines and Grid Lines being interconnected?
No
14) What is Body Position?
Body position is referring where all the components should be located in the vehicle wrt to the human body.
15) When a Car comes out of OEM Yard, Seat will be at what position?
Positive X direction.
16) How Center Line is used in terms of Car Design?
Centerline is a longitudinal axis that divides the car into two halves and it’s falling from top to bottom from the front bumper to the rear bumper then the right side of itself does have positive values and the left side of itself does have negative values.
17) Usually, Center Line is Placed between two haves.
18) What is Positive Z Direction?
The positive direction is the rear side of the car
19) What is Positive Y Direction?
When there’s a person sitting in the car the right side of himself will be a positive direction of the car or it can be the right side half of the car.
20) What are LHD and RHD?
Lhd means left-hand drive system which is much familiar in Europe and American countries on the other hand Rhd which means right-hand driving is a very known thing in Asian countries.
21) A Driver driving a Car in US will be sitting which side of Car?
Negative y or left side of the car
22) Driver in US is in Negative Y Direction.
23) An Indian Cab Driver went to USA and started driving a Car, which side of the Car he will be sitting?
Obviously, he’ll be sitting in left side at negative Z direction as I said before
24) I opened the Door of my Car and saw my room keys on center console, so my keys are not against the Door.
25) Belt Buckle attached on the left Side of the Seat.
26) The Recliner handle is placed right side of the seat.
27) Inboard/Outboard is a center line-based system.
28) IB: In board, OB: Out board
29) Going from rear bumper to forward is fore Movement.
30) C- Pillar to B – Pillar movement is fore Movement.
31) An aft movement of seat is negative X Movement
32)Volume wise which country produce max number of Cars?
China
China ranks as the number one producer of cars by volume, many of which are sold domestically.
33) Volume wise production please place all OEM in global?
China
34) Which country India will replace in next 10 year in term of Volume production?
China is the country that is going to get replaced by India in the next 10 years.
35) Volume wise production please place all OEM in India?
According to the statis tics Maruthi Suzuki is the leading volume of production in India
36) Name Countries which follow LHD Drive?
In countries like the UK, Australia, and New Zealanders drive right-hand drive cars on the left-hand side of the road.
37) Name Countries which follow RHD Drive?
India, Japan, Cyprus, South Africa, and Malta
1.What is Eyellipse and how it important from OEM purpose?
It is combining the words eye and ellipse and this word refers to the interior and exterior visibility of the driver.
2.Draw the complete Eyellipse Zone in an OEM environment?
3. What is E – Point?
E point refers left and right eyes of the driver it’s the vital thing to calculate the ellipse and there will be a 65 mm gap between of both and this value will match 95% of the population of the world then each eye will have its own representation.
4. What is P – Point?
This is also used by OEMs to calculate the ellipse so this point refers the pivot point of neck which is mark over the neck exactly from the between of e point 98 mm down. And it does have 4 varieties.
5. Correlation between E Point and P Point?
Both these point helps to calculate the ellipse of the occupant.
6. Eyellipse calculation as per E – Point and P – Point?
7. What is the full form of “SgRP”?
Seating reference point
8. What is H – Point?
It is the pivot point of the torso and thigh angle this is called the design H point this value should be matched with sgrp which is given by OEM.
9. Difference between “SgRP” and “H – Point “?
It is a point created by taking a centroid line between E points and project where the occupant's hip and back joints meet, this is called a seat reference point or SgRP, and this value is given by Oem’s.
It is the pivot point of the torso and thigh angle this is called the design H point this value should be matched with sgrp which is given by OEM.
10. What is heel point?
Oscar's heel point on the heel with a shoe on unpressed condition on the accelerator pedal
It should be at 87 degrees of angle.
11. What is Oscar?
It is a 2D and 3D device that can be used to define how the person’s going to sit in the vehicle and measure the seating accommodation.
12. Difference between Oscar and Oscar Templet?
Oscar is a 3d machine and Oscar's template is a 2D device.
12. What is the purpose of Oscar?
It does give the designer idea of how the occupant will sit in the vehicle
From that approximation a point will determine that is the pivot point of the torso and thigh angle this is called the design H point this value should be matched with sgrp which is given by OEM.
And the seat can be adjusted fore and after up and down at any time through H- a point so it can be done within a window this is called an H-point window.
Once the Oscar is placed according to the OEM packaging drawing requirement the seat can be ready designed around the Oscar.
13. What is Design H – Point and Actual H - Point?
It is the pivot point of the torso and thigh angle this is called the design H point this value should be matched with sgrp which is given by OEM.
Actual H-point can be recorded through the 3D Oscar machine.
14. What is H-Point Window?
the seat can be adjusted fore and after up and down at any time through H-point so it can be done within window this is called an H-point window.
15. Type of Oscar?
There're two types of Oscars are there one is a 2D Oscar template and the other one is a 3D Oscar machine.
Small woman 104 lbs. 5% of drivers
Midsized man 169 Lbs. 50% of drivers
Large sized man 226 Lbs.95% of drivers
16. What is the weight (in Kg) of 95 % Oscar?
102.512 kgs
17. What is the Importance of H – Point?
Seating design directly created affect the occupant’s relationship with controls
And careful measurements should’ve taken while positioning the seats and adhering to the specs of OEM.
And H-point might vary because of the deterioration of seats notably the foams.
18. How is the tolerance of H – Point Given?
As we see in this pic this is the tolerance range of seats it can be in a circular shape or square shape the seat reference point should never cross that limit when the foam is compressing state this is how the tolerance zone should’ve created.
19. What is D – Point regarding a Seat?
It is the lowest point of the buttock contour of the seated when the Oscar template and machine are installed.
20. What is the full form of AHP? Define its usage for seats.
Its Acceleration heel point
And it’s Oscar's heel point the heel with a shoe on unpressed condition on the accelerator pedal
It should be at 87 degrees of angle.
21. What is Hand Reach Envelop?
Driver must feel easy reach the vital controls in a car while vehicle in moving condition this is what called as hand reach envelop.
22. Types of Hand Reach Envelop? And how it is categorized?
Primary DHC: Secondary DHC:
Steering Air conditioning
Headlight Audio controls
Turn signals Accessory controls.
Gear shifting
Horn
Wiper then
Hand brake.
23. What is the Back/Cushion Angle?
The back angle is the angle of recline of the torso line relative to vertical
Then the cushion angle of incline for the cushion relative to the horizontal helps to find the amount of thigh support the occupant will have.
24. What is Ischium?
The ischium is a paired bone of the pelvis that forms the lower and back part of the hip bone, as well as the posterior and inferior boundary of the obturator foramen.
25. What is Tail Burn?
This condition will happen when driver sits on seat for long time so seat should be designed to prevent this condition.
26.How lumber help driver?
Lumber origin is lowest vertebrae in spinal column located between ribs and the pelvis
27.During RFQ what is expected from OEM?
Seat reference point
Foot angle
Knee angle
Heel point
Hip point
Back angle.
1.What is the function of a seat?
Support the occupant
Provide comfort to the occupant
Protect the occupant
Position the occupant
2.How the seat Support the Occupant?
Support the occupant is essential thing of seats because improper support will affect the comfort and safety of the occupant.
3.How the seat Position the Occupant?
There’re three essential key factors are there when it comes to seat design that are
- Hand, arm, and leg room:
Hand arm and leg room is vital for safety and control to the occupant
- Field of vision:
This one calculated by eyellipse driver should've minimal abstraction by steering wheel, instrument panel, roof line and he should be able to see clearly through the side mirrors as well.
- Driver proximity to hand controls:
Occupant must’ve been able to reach appropriate controls when the vehicle is moving condition.
4.How seat provide comfort for the occupant?
- Determine the amount of seat padding
- Avoiding hard points on seat
- Determine angle seat back and cushion
- Deciding the lumber and thigh support
- Establishing seat height and width
5.What is the full form of ILD? And how it is defined?
Indentation load defection (ILD)
The load required to compress seat pad 50% of its original thickness so there’s a load which required to compress the foam is hardness of the foam.
If a seat is too firm it will be uncomfortable and if it's too soft occupant will contact with hard point or fatigue.