Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
1.Major elements in the above Automotive wiring diagram:
- Starter
- Battery
- Distributer
- Ammeter
- Junction box
- Geneartor
- Breaker
- Fuse
- Foot selector switch
2.Purpose and working of Three major Elements:
I.Battery:
It is a collection of cells that contains chemical reactions occuring in the cells of a battery results in the flow of electricity in a circuit.
Purpose:
Battery is a energy storage device that used in our day to day life for our application.It have Recharchable and non recharchable batteries.Some applications are given below,
- Automotive
- Home appliances
- Medical
- Mobile phones
- Defence
- Aerospace
Working:
- A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy.
- The chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one end through an external circuit.
- The flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work.
- To balance the flow of electrons, charged ions also flow through an electrolyte solution that is in contact with both electrodes.
- Different electrodes and electrolytes produce different chemical reactions that affect how the battery works, how much energy it can store and its voltage.
II.Generator:
- It is created by alternators, it converts mechanical energy into electricity for transmission and distribution over power lines to domestic, commercial, and industrial customers.The applications are,
- automobiles
- aircraft
- ships
- trains
Working:
- Generators doesn't actually create electricity.
- they convert mechanical or chemical energy into electrical energy.
- They do this by capturing the power of motion and turning it into electrical energy by forcing electrons from the external source through an electrical circuit.
- It had some challenges like shortage in fuel,Ecological issues,Unpredictable nature and etc..
- Some electrical generators, such as those at Hoover Dam, for example, are huge and provide enormous amounts of energy by transferring the power created by water turning turbines into electricity. Residential and commercial generators however are much smaller and rely on more traditional fuel sources like diesel, gas, and propane to create mechanical power that can then be forced into a circuit and induce an electrical current.
III.Fuse:
An elecrical fuse is a safety device that protect electrical circuit from the electrical damage.
Purpose:
- The fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in an appliance causes too much current to flow.
- This protects the wiring and the appliance if something goes wrong.
- The fuse contains a piece of wire that melts easily.
- If the current going through the fuse is too great the wire heats up until it melts and breaks the circuit
- Acts as a barrier between the electric circuit and the human body
- Prevents device failure due to faulty circuit operation
- The fuse prevents short circuits
- Prevents overload and blackouts
- Prevents damage that is caused due to mismatched loads
- The markings on the fuse carry information such as the Ampere rating, voltage rating, and interruption rating.
Working:
- The fuses work on the principle of the heating effect of the current.
- It’s made up of thin strip or strand of metallic wire with noncombustible material.
- This is connected between the ends of the terminals. Fuse is always connected in series with the electrical circuit.
- When the excessive current or heat is generated due to heavy current flows in the circuit, the fuse melts down due to the low melting point of the element and it opens the circuit.
- The excessive flow may lead to the breakdown of wire and stops the flow of current.
- The fuse can be replaced or changed with the new one with suitable ratings.
- The fuse can be made up of the element like zinc, copper, silver &aluminum.
- They also act as a circuit breaker which is used to break the circuit when the sudden fault occurs in the circuit.
- This is not only a protector but it is also used as a safety measure to prevent humans from hazards.
3.If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?
- 12.5 - 13 A Fuse is good for above scenario
4.If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?
Given,
- Capacity=load x time
- Load =500watt
- Time=1 hour
- Recommended Average voltage= 12v
Solution:
- Capacity=500 x 1=500wh
- Recommended Battery capacity = Capacity / Volts
- =500/12
- =41.66Ah
- So,recommended battery capacity is 60 Ah,that is standard battery for above 41.66Ah
5.Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?
- Asper the above image Generator with current voltage and regulaterare connected in parallel.
- if two are more components are connected in parallel they have the same differential of potential voltage across their ends.
6.Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?
- As per the above image battery and starter are in series to each other because same current flows throw them.