Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1.

Generator, Battery, Current and Voltage Regulator, Starter, Breaker, Ignition Switch, Distributor, Gas tank Unit, Fuel Gauge.

2.

(i) Current and Voltage regulator- It regulates the amount of current and voltage and supplies it to different parts of circuit as per requirement by regulating the voltage as well as the current. It is responsible for maintaining a constant voltage throughout different loads regradless of changes in load and supply conditions.

(ii) Battery- It is called as the heart of the vehicle's elecrical system. It stores electrical energy generated by the generator and supplies the current to different parts of the automotive electrical circuit e.g. Sealed beam, Horn, Tail stop light, Power window e.t.c. It also supplies initial current to the starting and igintion system. When the engine is stopped and the generator is not charging the system it provides electrical current to the electrical devices.

(iii) Gas Tank Unit- It is one of the essential unit of the vehicle as it stores the gas or the fuel in it so that power can be generated by the use of the fuel. It is a safe container for flammable fluids. It should be of optimum size which fits the vehicle and supplies enough amount of fuel to run the vehicle for considerable amount of time. It should be well made and air tight to avoid any leakages.

3.

The margin we take in fuse rating is of 25%.

Hence 25% of 10A is 2.5A.

Thus the fuse rating should be = 12.5A

4.

Given = 500W

Assume Voltage = 12V

The current which the load requires to run = 500/12

= 41.66 Amp

Now,

We should consider the time frame for which we need to run the load. If it is for 1 Hr then the minimum combination which we require is 12V and 41.66 AmpHr(Ah). But this is not a common rating which is used in the market also the potential(battery voltage) drops after the use of the battery. Hence the capacity could be a bit more than 41.66Ah.

5.

The two elements from many which are connected in parallel are the horn and sealed beam. They are connected in parallel so that current supplied to both the loads should always be as per their requirement and both should have the optimum voltage to function, whereas if connected in series the required volatge will see a drop and we won't be able to provide the accurate voltage leading to inefficient function of the load. It is advantageous to keep them in parallel because if one of the load malfunctions the other can function properly without any hindrance.

6.

The two elements which are connected in series are the Tail stop light and the brake. When we apply brake the tail stop light glows giving indication to the person in rear or behind the vehicle that the car has decreased the speed or is going to stop which makes them alert of the traffic situation at once. This gives us an advantage as we don't require two separate mechanism for both the load. Also the generator and the curent voltage regulator are connected in series so that as the generator generates the current the current voltage regulator regulates the output from generator to various loads as per the requirement by adjusting the voltage and current.