Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1. Major elements from the above daigram are-

• Generator
• Ammeter
• Current and voltage regulator
• Fuse
• Distributer
• starter
• Ignition coil
• Battery
• Breaker
• Foot selector switch

2. Major Elements of Circuit:

• Battery
• Generator
• Breaker

a)Battery

Purpose - Electricity stored in a battery pack powers an electric motor, which turns the wheels, in battery electric vehicles, or BEVs. When the batteries are low, they are refilled with grid electricity using either a wall socket or a special charging device.

Working - An device that stores chemical energy and translates it into electrical energy is a battery. Electrons move from one substance (electrode) to another through an external circuit during chemical reactions in batteries.As the potential differece is created between anode and cathode the flow of electron happens as the electrons repel each other and try to move in a stable place. Hence the electrochemical process change the chemicals in anode and cathode to make them stop supplying electrons. An electric current can be created by the flow of electrons and employed to perform tasks.

b) Generator

Purpose - Electricity is not actually produced by generators. They change chemical or mechanical energy into electrical energy instead. They accomplish this by extracting electrons from an external source through an electrical circuit in order to convert the power of motion into electrical energy.

Working - Baically it converts mechancial energy into electrical energy in the form of alternating current. It works in electromaganetic motion when there is a relative motion betwwen a coil and a magnetic field an electric current is induced in the coil. when the armature rotates between the field magnet the magnetic flux linked with the armature changes contiously as a result an emf is induced in the armature which in result produces an electric current .

c) Breaker

Purpose- A circuit breaker is a type of electrical switch used to guard against short circuits, overloads, and overcurrents that could harm an electrical circuit. Its primary purpose is to stop current flow when protective relays identify a defect.

Working - There are two essential contacts in a circuit breaker, and they are:

1.Fixed contacts

2.Moving contacts

The contacts touch each other and transfer the current when the circuit is closed, which is the normal state. Current-carrying terminals in a closed circuit breaker are referred to as electrodes because they make contact with one another under the force of a spring.By either opening or closing the circuit breaker's arms, the switching and maintenance of the system are handled. By pulling the trigger, the circuit breaker is opened. The trip coil of the breaker becomes electrified and moves away from each other when there is a bad current flowing through any portion of the system, opening the circuit.

3. Given

load = 10A , voltage = 12 v

we know that ,

power = voltage * current = 12*10 = 120 W

power for fuse rating = 120* 1.25 = 150 W (as the fuse rating is 25% more than the acutal rating of power)

current I = power for fuse rating / voltage v

I = 150 w /12v

I = 12.5 A. will be the fuse rating for 10 A load.

4. Given

power = 500 W

we know that

power = voltage * current

500 = 12* I

current I = 41.66 A

time* current = capacity

41.66* 1hr =capacity

capacity = 41.66Ah.

5. Here the current and voltage regulator and generator are in parallel connection as per the above wiring daigram, as we can observe that the ends of the generator and current and voltage regulator are attached with same ends so the potential differnece of voltage will be constant in both the elements thus they are connected in parallel combination.

6.Here to increase the driving ability and efficiency of the vehicle battery is connected in series with a high voltage source , the battery and starter are also connected in seires combiation as the same current through both the components.