Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

Ans 1 Answer is Attached below in PDF named as Answer 1

Ans 2 As per asked Three Elements : Battery , Distributer & Current and Voltage regulator's purpose and Working.

• PURPOSE OF BATTERY :- Battery is the Heart Of any Automotive. It Provides power to the Vehicle through wires and by getting power vehicle gets start. Also It provides power to short-term use like Lights, GPS or Wipers.
• WORKING OF BATTERY :- A Battery is a Device which stores Chemical Energy and Converts it to Electrical Energy. A Battery have three Parts , an Anode(-), a Cathode (+) and the Electrolyte . The Chemical reactions in the Battery causes a Build up of Electrones at the Anode. This results in an Electrical difference between the Anode and the Cathode. This difference is an Unstable build up of Electrons. The Electrons wants to rearrange themselves to get rid of this difference. Here Electrons repel each other and try to go to a Place with Fewer Electrons. For electrons In a Battery the only Place to go is Cathode and Electrolyte keeps the Electrons going straight from Anode to Cathode within the Battery. And That's how a Battery work.

• PURPOSE OF A DISTRIBUTOR :- The Distributors function is to send high Voltage electicity to each of the spark plugs at the correct time and in the correct firing order.
• WORKING OF A DISTRIBUTOR :- The Distributor rotor is a device in a spark ignition system that provides spark from the ignition coil for proper contact inside the distributor cap.

• PURPOSE OF CURRENT AND VOLTAGE REGULATOR :- The Regulator Forces the Alternator to Maintain a Voltage of Between 13.5 to 14.4 Volts. And It's necessary to charge the Battery Safely while Protecting the electrical Circuits and components of the Car, including the wiring systems, lights, motors that drive power accessories and stereo.
• WORKING OF CURRENT AND VOLTAGE REGULATOR :- The elecricity passes through the voltage regulator, which turns the alternator on and off, depending on the voltage level at any given time. If if the voltage in the battery falls under 13.5 volts, the regulator's voltage sensor closes the circuit to the field terminal of the alternaor, causing it to switch on and deliver a charge to the battery. When the voltage in the battery reaches 14.5 volts, the voltage regulator sensor turns off the flow of current from alternator, which stops providing electricity to battery. This prevents the battery from overcharging, and possibly exploding or burning out.

Ans 3 As we Know a Fuse rated should be selected from [ 10 amps * 135% = 13.5 amps, the next larger standard size is 15 A ] then a 15 A fuse should be applied in the line.

Ans 4 For a 500 W load I recommend a battery of 12 V and 200 Ah Capacity ,

As WH= V.Ah

=) 500 * H = 12 * 200

=) H = 200* 12/ 500

=) H = 4.8 HOURS

Personally I will use 200 Ah for better long term life of my battery. But it may depends on many other factors like porability, weight how often it needs to run and how many years I want this to operate for and how many hours I need to use this load each time it runs.

Ans 5 In the Above Automotive circuit there are various components which connected in Parallel but here we will take Two Horns for discussion which are connected in parallel. Here two horns are connected in parallel because they have the same potential difference or voltage across their ends. The potential difference across the components are same in magnitude, and they also have identical polarities. The same voltage is applied to all circuit components connected in Parallel.

Ans 6 In the Above Auomotive circuit there are various components which are connected in series but here we will take two Tail stop for discussion which are connected in series. these two Tail Sop are connected in series because here is a need of same current flowing through them but not the voltage. Two components are always connected in series if there is requirement of same current flowing through them but here voltage drop never remains same.