Project

Design and Develop a Smart watch for a health monitoring applications to perform the following features:

Wearable technology is a broad term that refers to any device that may be used to monitor humans or animals. Wearable devices, device sensors, Bluetooth, Zigbee, 3G/4G/5G communication protocols, cloud computing, data fusion methods, and largescale data are all included. One of the uses of wearable technology is smart watches, which are progressively becoming a popular device. A smart watch is a computerized wristwatch that becomes better with time. Many smart watches have been created, however they all have certain limitations, such as networking, cost, and display unit, which are the main issues with these smart watches. To address these issues, the researcher suggested this cutting-edge smart watch. Voice recognition system, alert system, LCD display screen, controller, and different sensors such as temperature sensor, blood pressure sensor, accelerometer, humidity sensor, and pedometer are all included in this gadget. This device is both functional and affordable, allowing individuals to buy it for themselves and their children. This gadget is very useful in an emergency since it shows temperature, blood pressure, and other vital information on the screen. These timepieces have a promising future since they may be further customized by incorporating new technologies and mechanics.

Wearable refers to anything that can be readily and appropriately worn by humans. Wearable technology has an impact on people's daily lives [1]. On a daily basis, people do a variety of activities, including making choices, eating, studying, walking, and interacting with others. New technology is used in many aspects of our lives, such as communication (through social media) and buying (through e-commerce websites). Wearable technology refers to electronic gadgets that are connected to the body or incorporated into equipment that serve to enhance our daily lives. The IBM Linux watch was the first smart watch (SW) to be released in 2000. Over the last fifteen years, SWs have improved and expanded their capabilities. Pebble Smart-watch was first launched in 2012 on a website with various financing sources, and it has been gaining popularity in the popular media ever since. Over the past two years, more than 20 SWs have been launched, and the Apple Watch is expected to be unveiled in early 2015. Smart watches may also be used to promote healthcare by including various sensors within the device [2]. In-person surveys may assist uncover patterns of behavior by allowing self-monitoring of personal activities, receivingfeedback based on activity measurements, and promoting bidirectional contact with health care professionals and family members. In-service watches have the potential to make healthcare more accessible to people in their daily lives. Intelligent timepieces, on the other hand, are a newer technology that is still being researched. Watches were originally solely used to keep track of time. However, a smart watch is today a computer-enhanced wristwatch with features that go beyond timekeeping. Early versions can do basic tasks like calculations, translations, and games, but today's intelligent watches are fully functional computers [3]. Watches have undergone many changes as a result of sensor and new technology adaptation. However, smart watches, like any other technology, have certain difficulties, such as networking, energy and heat, display, and mobile input, to name a few .Researchers created this gadget to address these issues. Sensors such as humidity, temperature, blood pressure, and pedometer, as well as a controller, LCD display screen, voice recognition system, and an emergency button, are all included in this gadget. This gadget is both effective and inexpensive. This is something that even low-income people can afford. Mobile phones may be used to control this gadget. The networking, display input, and power issues are all addressed by this device. These smart watches are extremely useful in the present COVID-19 scenario since they can be used to show the user's temperature, blood pressure, and calories by using different sensors.

This work presents a smart watch attached to patient at remote location, which would help in navigation of wheel chair and monitor the vitals of patients and relay it through IoT. This wearable smart watch is equipped with sensors to measure the health parameters: heartbeat, blood pressure, body temperature and step count. An esp8266 Wi-Fi module uploads the health parameters into the thingspeak cloud platform with time stamp. This smart watch is equipped with joystick for cruise and navigation control of the motor driver enabled wheel chair. Additionally, an ultrasonic sensor mounted in front of wheel chair continuously scans for any obstacles ahead and stops the motion of the wheel chair on detection of an obstacle. The system’s primary controller is an Arduino UNO microcontroller, which interfaces the input and output modules.Index Terms—ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, ARDUINO microcontroller, heartbeat sensor, BP sensor, Temperature sensor, Steps count sensor, Ultrasonic sensor.

He cost of health care has increased in the modern era, and constantsupervision of aged and dependent family members in their homes is essential in today's hectic society. At the moment, wearable smart watches are considered a medical technology breakthrough. Recently, expensive smart watches have been outfitted with the most basic diagnostic, therapeutic, and patient monitoring features. Recently, it has been proposed and put into practise to have the ability to monitor physical activity, sleep patterns, pulse rate, heartbeats, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure. The smart watches can also be used to set alarms for regular activities like exercising and taking prescriptions. Few designs incorporate the monitoring of physical activity, including location and daily step count. Wearable technology will undoubtedly alter our lives, especially for early adopters. Many businesses have committed money in creating wearable with distinctive features in order to efficiently access buyer markets. Given that the arm moves more frequently than any other body component and can therefore track all movements of the body, the wrist is the optimal spot to show all essential data. The wrist has veins and arteries that can be used to gauge blood pressure and pulse, and the skin is thin enough to accommodate sensors. An attachment that can be worn as a smart watch or covertly put into a patient's clothing is a small electronic gadget. [3]. The majority of wearable technology uses contemporary biosensors and remote information communication, which allow for data access and transmission in all areas of human endeavour. Given the utilisation of smaller biosensors equipped for remote connection, these devices are intended to be inconspicuous, innovative observation innovations for continuous and independent transfer of physiological information [4]. As wearable devices expand in the clinical setting, they may equip professionals with the knowledge they need to enhance patient care, clinical workflow, and remote patient treatment, collect more detailed health data, and offer patients more thorough medical care . The development of numerous crucial components, including normalisation, digitalization, systems administration, reconciliation, and scaling down, was recognised by Zhang's study team as being necessary for wearable technology to perform [6]. The clever is a completely new design for the rapidly expanding industry of wearable technology. A smart's streamlined figuring innovation and structure factor plan enable continuous wear without impeding the client's daily activities. PDAs are now commonplace and might be categorised as wearables, but they are normally kept in a bag or pocket. Unlike PDAs, smart watches can be worn without interfering with daily activities and can also be a convenient addition to a current cell phone . The medical care business has endless potential for smart watches with biosensors, and they may be able to give patients and their suppliers vital information about medical services.Smart watches are a type of wearable computer that mimics a watch. The touchscreen interface of modern smart watches allows for ease of use on a daily basis, and an app on a smartphone is used to run the device and collect telemetry data for uses like long-term bio monitoring. Early iterations of smart watches could perform basic functions including math calculations, digital timekeeping, game play, and translation. Smart watches have evolved features more equivalent to WiFi/Bluetooth connectivity, a mobile operating system, including mobile apps, and smartphones since its introduction in 2015. Some smart watches can play digital video and audio files over Bluetooth and FM radio headsets, making them portable media players. Some variations—known as watch phones—incorporate mobile cellular functionality, such as the ability to make phone calls. The suggested smart watch system includes three features: obstacle detection, capability, and IOT technology for health monitoring.

The Internet of Things platform and electronics are this project's main research areas. The fact that Arduino produces the output needed by the user after receiving input from the sensors makes it a crucial part of this project.The Internet of Things is the technology that is growing the quickest. Everything and everything is about to use the Internet of Things. Internet of Things adoption will improve medical electronics. As a result, the Internet of Things platform Thing speaks is used. ThingSpeak is among the best resources for IoT projects. Among other things, we may use this platform to monitor our data and control the internet system through channels. In this pandemic situation, doctors are unable to continuously check a patient's body temperature and heart rate. Therefore, we made the decision to conduct this project in order to make the task of hospital management easier. A heartbeat sensor and an ESP8266 WiFi modem are used in this project. A linked Arduino Uno receives data from sensors that measure temperature, blood pressure, and steps and sends it to the Thingspeak cloud.This low-tech but highly effective apparatus allows for continuous monitoring of the health of a seriously ill patient. By referring to all open-source platforms, we suggested a tool called Thing Speak that is easier to use, safe, and offers a variety of options. Data that maintains patient records updated and is available whenever needed can be saved and retrieved via Thing Speak. The heartbeat and pulse can be monitored independently, and we can export or import solo or combined sets of data as well as compare data using visualisations.

OBSTACLE DETECTION SYSTEM:

Industrial applications for ultrasonic sensors are distinguished by their exceptional adaptability and dependability. Ultrasonic sensors can be used to handle even the most challenging jobs, including levelmeasurement or object detection with millimetre precision, because measurement method is virtually always precise. In many commonplace items,infrared sensors are used. They are coveted for their low power requirements, portability, and straight forward circuitry.Sound waves from the ultrasonic sensor are picked up by sound waves that reverberate off of objects. The energy of the ultrasonic waves is diffusely reflected over a wide solid angle, which can be as high as 180 degrees, when they strike with an object. The incident energy is thus partially reflected back to the transducer. When the object is very close to the sensor, the sound waves quickly return; however, when the object is farther away, the sound waves return more slowly. The signal's return time will be too long or it will be too weak for the receiver to pick up if an object is too far away from the sensor.

Based on how long it takes for the sound to return from the object in front of the sensor, it may determine how far away anything is.

𝐿 =𝑣𝑡 cos 𝜃 /2

Then, using the relationship where "t" denotes the amount of time the wave takes to return to the sensor and "Ɵ " denotes the angle between the path taken and the horizontal, it is possible to determine the distance to the object (L) using the speed of ultrasonic waves (v) in the medium, as shown in the figure. Instruments based on the Doppler shift are employed while the item is moving. The ultrasonic sensor can measure distances in inches and centimetres. It can measure distances between 0 and 2.5 metres with an accuracy of 3 cm.

Block diagram of Smart Watch

We developed a wearable, Arduino-powered smart watch. ESP8266 WiFi module with heart rate monitoring. DC motors, ultrasound, step count, blood pressure, and temperature sensors, as well as sensors for L293D motor drivers. The Arduino UNO will continuously read data from health sensors and update it with time and date in the Thingspeak cloud through the esp8266 WI-FI module. When a user steers the wheelchair with a joystick, the Arduino microcontroller manages the wheelchair's directions by managing the DC motors. If the wheelchair runs into any obstructions, it will immediately stop moving thanks to an ultrasonic sensor. A microcontroller loaded with embedded C language does this work.

IV. METHODOLOGY and RESULT

The following discussion gives a brief overview to the various modules utilized in this project:

Esp8266 Wi-Fi module

ESP8266 WI-FI module with Thingspeak:

Data from sensors, websites, and devices may be transmitted to the cloud via Thing Speak and stored in either a public or private channel. As soon as information is entered into a Thing Speak channel, it may be visualised, analysed, utilised to create new information, or used to interact with other devices, online communities, and web services.There are three IoT architectural layers that make up the project's implementation.three layers: the physical, network, and application layers.Physical layer – I can sense some of the setup. The setup and use of sensors to measure physical parameters are included in the physical Layer. In this case, every health sensor obtains the necessary data straight from the patient's body. Sensors collect data on physical quantities, which they subsequently transmit to transducers for transduction, or, more precisely, for converting the signals into electrical inputs. They are then converted into electrical form and fed into two different input pins on the Arduino. The output from the analysis will be delivered to the ESP2866 Wi-Fi module using the code that has been loaded into the Arduino

Network Layer – Data transfer from a device to Thing Speak. The network layer describes the interaction and linkage between the IoT platform and the active device. We use a Wi-Fi module to connect to and communicate with the 3device, in this case Thing Speak, for data analysis. The cloud platform and the module will be able to communicate by using the necessary module commands (ESP2866 instructions). To begin the data transfer, repeat the process, put an end to the transfer, and deliver the data, use the aforementioned commands.

Application Layer: Thing Speak is used for continuous monitoring because it is a cloud platform that can be accessed from anywhere at any time and is also user￾friendly for monitoring health parameters in urgent scenarios. The data can be shown graphically and in a variety of different(user defined) ways.Arduino Uno:

Arduino Uno:

The Arduino Uno microcontroller board is built around the ATmega328. The device has 20 digital input/output pins, six analogue inputs, six PWM outputs, a 16 MHz resonator, an in-circuit system programming (ICSP) header, a power jack, and a USB port.The colour spaces RGB or CMYK should be used to create all colour figures. Images in grayscale colour space should be supplied. Grayscale or bitmap colorspace are both acceptable options for line art. Be aware that "bitmap file format" and "bitmap colorspace" are not the same thing. When bitmap colour space is chosen, the suggested file formats are.TIF/.TIFF/.PNG.

The force that flowing blood exerts on blood vessel walls is known as blood pressure (BP).

STEP COUNT SENSOR with Ultrasonic Sensor:

The sensor is made of a silicon wafer with a micro-machined structure on it. Polysilicon springs that are used to support the structure allow for smooth deflection in any direction when the X, Y, and/or Z axes are accelerated. An instrument called an inaudible sensing element uses inaudible sound waves to gauge the distance between a target object and itself before converting the reflected sound into an electrical signal.

Arduino Uno

MEMS sensor Ultrasonic sensor

Heartbeat Sensor and Temperature sensor:

A sensor system called the MAX30100 features integrated pulse oximetry and heart rate monitoring. A sensor takes in a physical quantity and converts it into a signal that may be understood by a viewer or instrument. The output of the LM 35 temperature sensor is expressed in millivolts (mv).

The primary goal of this article is to create a smart wearable device that can perform various functions. Temperature sensor, Humidity sensor, Blood Pressure monitoring, Steps measuring sensor (Pedometer), Heart Beat measurement sensor, Accelerometer, LCD display screen, Controller, Emergency Button, and Alert system are all included in this device.

Design:

The block diagram of various components utilized in smart watches is shown in Figure 1. Photovoltaic cells offer power/energy to the whole system since solar radiation may be directly transformed into electrical energy. The temperature of the environment is measured using a temperature sensor. The blood pressure is monitored using a Blood Pressure Sensor. An emergency button is located on the device's side. If an issue happens, pushing the button will alert the hospital and police departments. A controller will be in charge of collecting all of the data given by the various components and displaying it on the LCD display panel. A voice recognition system is placed in this gadget so that the user may interact with it and provide instructions such as playing music. depicts the functioning flowchart of several components.

Instruments:

Controller:

A controller is in charge of presenting all of the data, such as blood pressure,temperature, number of steps taken each day, and so on, which is supplied by different sensors. When the emergency button is pushed, it also sends signals to the police department and the hospital. Figure 3 illustrates the module of controller used in this system.

Blood Pressure Sensor:

Blood pressure is measured using a blood pressure monitor and a non-invasive method. It resembles a sphygmomanometer, except instead of a mercury column, a pressure sensor is used to monitor blood pressure.

Pedometer:

Pedometers are designed to detect vertical movement in the hip, allowing the number of steps to be counted and a distance to be calculated [9]. It is installed within the device and sends data to the controller, who then displays it on the LCD display

Photovoltaic cells:

A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts light energy directly into electricity via a physical and chemical process. These cells are in charge of the device's power supply.

Temperature sensor: A temperature sensor is a device that measures the temperature of an object. This may be the temperature of the air, the temperature of a liquid, or the temperature of a solid. A temperature sensor is installed within this gadget, and it is used to detect the user's temperature. If the user's temperature exceeds the specified temperature, an alarm is sent to the user's relative.

Humidity Sensor:

It's a device that detects and measures water vapour. Based on our robust, capacitive technology, these humidity detectors provide accurate dew point and absolute humidity readings by integrating relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) data. Figure 5sss depicts the humidity sensor module utilized in this device

Emergency Button:

In this device, an emergency button is provided to notify the departments of police and health if any incident occurs. This button is placed at the right side of the watch. LCD display Screen: A LCD display Screen is responsible to show different functions like Blood pressure, no. of steps done in a day, heart rate, time etc. to user.

Global Positioning System (GPS):

GPS is a 30+ satellite around the Earth navigation system. We know where it is because it sends out signals continually. These signals are listened to by a GPS receiver on your phone.When the recipient estimates its distance from four or more GPS satellites, it can see where it is.

Data Analysis:

When the watch is turned on, all of the sensors and other components are turned on. The temperature sensor will detect the user's body temperature, and if it is higher than the specified temperature, an alarm will be sent to the user's relative with its position. The blood pressure and humidity sensors will monitor the pressure and humidity in the environment and send the results to the controller. When the user begins walking or running, the pedometer activates and begins counting the number of steps done by the user. The sensor will then transmit its data to the controller. When the emergency button is pushed, an alarm is sent to the police and medical departments. The gadget has a speech recognition system installed so that the user may command it. When all of the data has been delivered to the controller, the controller will show it on the LCD display screen.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In the day-to-day lives of people, smart watches play an essential role in monitoring a variety of health indicators. People nowadays are much too preoccupied with their health problems, which are a significant worry. Smart watches allow you to keep track of your health without putting in a lot of work or time. There are many timepieces on the market nowadays that can do a variety of functions. However, they have difficulties since the price of these watches is very expensive, and individuals with little income cannot buy them. Furthermore, networking is one of the issues with current watches. This gadget was suggested by the researcher to solve these issues. This gadget is both effective and inexpensive, making it accessible to the general public. Voice recognition system, LCD display screen, Controller, and different sensors like temperature sensor, blood pressure sensor, accelerometer, humidity sensor, and pedometer are all included in this gadget. This gadget has an emergency button that will notify the police department if an issue happens. This gadget will aid in the reduction of crime. These devices have a bright future since new technology can be utilized to customize them.

CONCLUSION

Wearable technology has been widely used in the twenty-first century. Our lives have been redesigned to provide us more options and freedom. They have changed our world into an ever-increasingly linked global society, allowing us to explore new ways of living. These smart watches are extremely useful in the present COVID-19 situation since they can detect our temperature and inform the user's relative if the temperature is higher than the specified temperature. Researchers suggested a device that includes a voice recognition system, an alert system, an emergency button, an LCD display screen, a controller, and different sensors such as a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a blood pressure sensor, an accelerometer, and a pedometer in this study article. When compared to other comparable devices, this gadget is both effective and affordable. It is readily affordable for both children and adults. Different processes and technology, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, may be used to further customize these watches. As the risks grow and technology develops, more innovations and upgrades will be required to meet emerging issues.