Project 2_Creating a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCad
Aim :- To create a 3D Model for a Residential building in Autocad
Objective :-
The main objective of this is to review and refresh almost most of the tools which will be used by a
professional engineer while drafting a 3D drawing . this will start from the initial drafting in 2D using lines and rectangles
to rendering in 3D drawing . The entire project can be complete in 9 steps and are as follows
1:- To draw the plan using AutoCAD 2D .
2:- To draw the Elevation using AutoCAD 2D .
3:- To project walls to convert the plans from AutoCAD 2D and AutoCAD 3D .
4:- Designing and placing of 3D doors , swinging , sliding , window , normal window .
5:- To Draw the over head room and place the elevation window .
6:- To draw the over head room and place the elevation window .
7:- To draw the slab of thickness 0.12m .
8:- To draw the parapet wall .
9:- Rendering
INTODUCTION :-
. The main objective of this is to understand about to create a plan in 2D then convert into 3D using AutoCAD 3D ,
appliying material and rendering .
. AutoCAD is primarily used for generating 2D sketches . while it is possible to create 3D objectives , AutoCAD is built
around a flat ,sketch based interface . there is a wide range of pre defined 3D object in AutoCAD . these object are
cylinder , spheres , and wedges and many more . But ten user are 2D objects and modify them using the 3D cpmmand
accordingly . so AutoCAD 3D coomand like Extrude , sweep , revolve , and union are used by the users .
. Also the user must know the important of the viewport feature if they are working on 3D models . the viewport comman
allows the user to split the drawing area into diffrent window to project multiple view of the model . these include the
top front , left , right view of the object . this feature works great for the user and helps them to observe th model
from diferent aspect . some 2D and 3D tools which was used while working on this project is as follows .
2D TOOLS :-
. Line :- the line object is the most basic and common object in AutoCAD drawing of any discipline . each segment is a
line object that can be edited separately , assigning properties such layer line type and line weight .
. Construction Lines :- constuction lines ( also known as xlines ) are temporarly line work entities that can be used as
referance when creating and positining other object or work . Constuctionlines are either circle or straight lines that
extended to infinity in both direction .
. Polygon :- Create an eqilateral closed polyline . we can specify the number of sides of the polygon and whether it is
inscribed or circumscribed .
. Rectangle :- While using the rectnagle command , absolute or relative coordinace values are used to define the size of
the rectangle . actual dimenssion value are preferred to create the length and width of the rectangle . command used
Rectangle
. Circle :- Created a circle command used - Cricle or C
. Erase :- The erase command is used to remove and delete object from the drawing . the selected object can also be
removed with the help of the delete button on the keyboard . we can also delete faces , vertices and meshes in 3D with
the help of erase command .
. Copy :- Copies object a specified distance in a direction . with the copy mode system variable , you can control
whether multiple copies are created automatically .
. Trim :- Trim objects to meet the edge of the other object . command used TR
. Layers :- use layers to control the visibility of object and to assign properties such as colour and line type . object on
a layer normally assume the properties such as layer . however you can override any layer property of an object .
for exaple if an object colour property is set BYLAYER the object display the colour of that layer . if the object colour is
set to red the object display as red regardless of the colour assigned to that layer . command used layer
. mirror :- The mirror command in AutoCAD is used create a copy of the selected object . we can also delete the source
object after mirrorring the object . the object that represent the same as the half of their object can be mirrored the
object . the object that represent the same as the half of their object can be mirrored across a centre line to create
the other half of the object .
. Extend :- Extends object to meet the edge of the other . to extend object , first select the boundaries . then press
enter and select the object that you want to extend . to use all object as boundries press enter at the first select object
prompt . command used EX .
. Array :- Create copies of object arranged in a pattern . we can create copies of object in a regularly spaced rectangle
polar or path array .
. Move :- The move command in AutoCAD is used to move object at a Specified distance and direction . to move the
object with precision , we can use object snaps , grid , snaps , coordinates etc .
. Rotate :- Used to create object in our drawing around a specified base point . To determine the angle of rotation we
can angle value drag using the cursor or specify a referance angle to align to an absolute angle . command used ROT
. Dimenssion :- Create multiple dimenssion and types of dimenssion with a single command . we can select objects or
points an object to dimenssion and then click place the dimenssion line . when we however over an object the DIM
command automatically generates a preview of a suitable dimenssion type to use .
. Text :- We can use single line text to create one or more lines of text where each text line is an indepedance object
that you can move , format , or otherwise modify . right click in the text box to select options on the shortcut menu .
. Fillet :- The fillet tool helps form round cornres between any two entities that form a sharp vertex . command
used FILLET .
3D TOOLS :-
. Revolve :- Draw > modelling> revolve
. Extrude :- draw > modelling > extrude . this AutoCAD 3D extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by
extruding a 2D face along a line or path for example A cylider can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it
along with a path .
. Sweep :- Draw > modelling > sweep . this command hepls the user to extrude the 2D object without the 2D face being
orthogoanal to the beginning of the path .
. Union :- Modify > solid editing > union . this AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine teo object converting
them into one single object .
. Subtract :- modify > solid editing > subtract . this command is opposite to the union command this command works
when there is a common area in both the object . then this command subtract the object A from the object B .
. Intersect :- modify > solid editing > intersect with this AutoCAD 3D command the User is left with the area that is
common to both the object .
RENDERING :-
. rendering is the process of creating a raster image based on the 3D object in ascene . a rendering is used to calculate
the apperance of the material attached to the objects in a scene , and how lightining and shadows are calculated based
on the lights placed in a scene .
. Enviroment and exposure setting of the rendering can be adjusted to control the final rendering image .
APPLYING MATERIAL :-
. click visualize tab material panel material browser . find
. Select the objects which you want to assign the material .
. In tha materials browser , right click the material to assign and choose assign to selection
. The material is assigned to the objects .
APPYLING A MATERIAL USING THE PALATTES :-
. Click view tab pallates panel tool palattes . find
. On the tool palattes window , click a tab to set the tool palatte current .
. Drag a material tool from the tool palatte onto the object .
APPYLING A MATERIAL BY LAYERS :-
. Click visualize tab material panel ( expanded ) attach by layer . find
. In the material attachment options dialogue box , drag a material from the materials list onto a layer in the layers list .
. The material is assigned to all objects on the layer whose material property is set to by layer . ( by layer is the default
for the material property when you create an object )
PROCEDURE :-
STEPS 1 :- To draw the plans using AutoCAD 2D .
. type UN and press enter . drawing units , select engineering and now the lower limits is set to 0,0 and upper limit to
1000,1000 . type Z enetr to zoom and A enter to all defalults layers for material likes wall , window , grills , steps and
stairs , dimenssion and text was made and was assigned with a colour .
. using the line rectangle construction lines the plan layout of a single reswdential building was prepared as shown .
one portico is placed at right side .
. Doors , window and chajja was provided at plcaes necessary as shoen in plan .
. the staircase and steps , common lobby was made next .
. Plinth projection and slab projection are also shown .
. By providing a suitable style all the required texts was also made .
. Using the DIMLIM command the dimensioning was completed .
STEP 2 :- To draw the elevation using AutoCAD 2D .
. Using construction lines ( XL - V ) vertical are projected from the plan and using (XL - H ) place the horizontal line .
. Plinth is draw - height 0.6 m by using command .
. using offset command floor height is shown that is 3m .
. In plan view there is portico column in parking . project the column of 3m in elevation .
. Using offset command slab thickness height is shown that is 0.9m .
. Using offset command drawn a over head room on terrac with height of 2.18
. using line command ground level symbol is drawn .
. Trim off the extras .
. Windows and doors are as shown are drawn .
. using hatch command hatch is made in plinth that is gravel symbol .
. Stairs are also drawn in elevation as shown .
. By providing a suitable style all the required texts was also made .
. Using the DIMLIM command the dimensioning was completed .
STEP 3 :- To project walls to convert the plan from AutoCAD 2D to AutoCAD 3D .
. Now in setting select 3D modelling and visual control to 2D wireframe to move to AutoCAD 3D .
. A copy of the residential flat was made to work with . view use is south west isometric view .
. Turn off all layers except the wall layer .
. Select the entire drawing and type J join the entire drawing .
. Now click on extrude command in the home tab and press enter , move mouse in upward direction and specify height as
3m and press enter . Now the 3D wall is formed .
. Using the REC command draw a retangle connecting the top of all door opening .
. After drawing all the rectangles select the extrude command in the home tab and press eneter move mouse in down
direction and specify height of 0.6 and press enetr . now the doors cuts-outs of 2.4 is formed .
. also it means that the lintel beam will be at height of 2.4m from the plinth level .
. Now using the union option in solid editing panel selelct the complete drawing to union all the element in the drawing .
. Now turn off the wall layer and turn on the window layer .
. Using the REC command rectangle was drawn across all the window portion at the plinth level . select all the rectangles
just formed and move rectangles upward by 2.4 m .
. Using the subtract option in solid editing panel the window .
. rectangle was subtracted from the wall and thus the window cut outs was made .
. Now using the move command , move the polyline made downward to the plinth level . using the extrude command
extrude the polyline by 0.1m hence forming the floor . from the 2D plan created using the polyline draw lines connecting
the staircase common corrider and lift room . then with copy command copy the polyline and place it in 3D plan using
the end points selected . now extrude the polyline doenward by 0.1m to obtain offset command offset it outward by 0.6
jion all the polylines just created using the joint command and then extrude the polyline by 0.1m upward to create the
plinth
. Now move the 3D wall upward 0.6m and then copy the solid plinth at corner and place it under the 3D wall .
. Make the union .
. Extrude stairs from each step that is 0.15 m
. extrude parking floor to 0.1m
STEP 4 :- Designing and placing of 3D doors , swinging layers , slididng window , normal window
. The 3D doors , swinging layers , sliding window , normal window and glass grill was designed using the tools polyline
sweep , extrude , union , 3D rotate , Subtract command etc .
. On the visualize tab click on material library and apply suitable material for 3D doors , swinging layers , sliding window
normal window and glass grill as shown .
we can apply material by just dragging the material from the library to the object which is to be materialized .
. using copy command place the doors and window in the building by picking the mid point at the corner of the window .
STEP 5 :- To draw the slab of thickness 0.12m
. Using polyline command redraw the line for extruding the slab of thickness and place it over the 3D wall .
. using box command draw the box over the stairs .
. To delete the slab over the stairs use subtract command selelct all object and then click on the box made . so that the
box made is deleted automatically .
. Place the slab over the 3D wall use the pick point as 3D wall .
. To place the chajja over the window . go to place and extrude the block 0.1m .
. using the union command join all the chajjas made .
. Move the chajjas by picking the point at the corner odf the 3D wall
. And then place it at the 3d wall level .
. And then move it . that is at 1.2m .
STEP 6 :- To draw the over head room and place the elevation window
. Draw the over head room by using plan make a polyline on either side .
. Using boudary command make it as a region and extrude it to 2.18m
. And extrude the slab to 0.12m
. place the elevaton window
STEP 7 :- To draw the parapet wall
. Go to plan view . make a polyline , extrude the region 0.6m
. And then place on the slab
STEP 8:- To apply the material properties from material browser
. Before appyling / assigning the material . change the view to realistic . change the face to SE view .
. All the material was copied upto the number of times it was required , using the 3D rotate command and it was rotated
to the required direction and then they all are placed at their respective positions at shown .
STEP 9 :- Rendering
. rendering at eagles eye was done here
. The camera was placed at necessary places around the whole building at some height
. Grass site work was applied at floor from material library in visualization tab .
. renedering was done and the resulatant images from different camera position is as shown
OVERALL RESULT :-
The 3D rendered model for residential building in AutoCAD is made . entire project is done in 9 steps and are as follows .