Project 2_Creating a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCad

AIM :

To Create a 3D model of the Residential Building with a Rendered view in Autocad.

INTRODUCTION :

The process of creating a mathematical representation of any surface of an object in three dimensions by using special software is called 3D modeling. A 3D model can even be represented as a two-dimensional image by using the 3D rendering process. The user can also create 3D models physically using 3D printers. There is a lot of software that is used to create 3D models like AutoCAD.

Rendering is a process of creating a raster image based on 3D objects in a scene. A renderer is used to calculate the appearance of the material attached to the object in a scene, and how lighting and shadows are calculated based on the lights placed in a scene.

Environmental and exposure settings can be adjusted to control the final rendered image. The basic rendering workflow is to attach materials to the 3D objects of a model, place user defined lights, add a background and start the renderer with the RENDER command.

Lights and materials can be added to a 3D model before a photorealisitic image is rendered.

Rendering quality can be changed by using the cameras, sunlight different types of lights like point light, spot light, distant light etc. Using these commands properly can improve the rendering to a great extent.

Most used 3D Commands

1. Revolve

This AutoCAD 3D command creates a 3D solid by revolving a 2D object around an axis

2. Extrude

This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path.

3. Sweep

This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.

4. Union

This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.

5. Subtract

This command is opposite to the union command this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts object A from object B.

Dimensions of Ground Floor plan

• Living room - 6.1m x 6.9m
• Pooja room - 1.7m x 2.1m
• Bedroom - 4.5m x 4m
• Parking - 2.5m x 4m
• Store room - 3.5m x 2.3m
• Bathroom - 3.5m x 1.5m

Door and window dimensions

• Main door - 3m
• Door D - 1.5m
• Door D1 - 1m
• Door D2 - 0.8m
• Window W - 0.5m
• Window W1 - 1m
• Window W2 - 2m

Other dimensions

• Thickness of wall - 0.23m (230mm)
• Thickness of wall between the Two Bathrooms is - 0.12m (120mm)
• Thickness of slab - 0.15m (150mm)
• Height of the wall of floor - 3m

PROCEDURE :

• Open the AutoCAD and go to 3D modelling.
• Initially set the units of the drawing as decimal.
• Now, set the limits of the drawing
• Now create a 2D plan for a residential building with the help of commands like line, offset, trim etc.

• Now, create the elevation of the same by using lines, offset, trim and other necessary tools in AutoCAD.

• Now, we have to create the 3D model of the same.
• For this move to 3D modelling workspace in the settings.
• Now, copy the plan separately.
• Then create different necessary layers like 3D walls, 3D windows etc.

• Now, copy the first floor plan and create the boundary region.
• Then extrude the 3D wall leaving the space for the windows.

• Now, create the floor for ground floor by drawing a rectangle and then create a region and extrude it downwards at depth of 600mm.

• Now, create the windowsand doors.
• For that go to elevation and copy the entire elevation beside it.
• Then in the copied elevation retain the doors and windows.
• Then change the layer to window frame and create a boundary region for the window frame.
• Then subtract the inner portion of the window.

• Hence, window is created. Similarly, create the other windows.

• Hence, windows and doors of the gound floor has been created.
• So, for this, first choose the boundary command and create a region of each and every step and then extrude it as per the height of the riser, i.e 150, 300 etc.

• Now, this staircase is then moved to 3D building created.

• This is then placed over the ground floor developed.

• This is also created from the plan.

• The next step is to apply materials. This is done through material browser in the visualise panel of the ribbon.

• The next step is to do the rendering, for this we have to position the camera so that better view is obtained and the view is named as camera1 and make it as realistic view.

• Then, provide sky background.
• Sunlight is kept on.
• Full shadow is chosen.
• Distant light is also provided.
• Then inorder begin the rendering process we have first set the environment and exposue settings.
• Finally, we have to set the render preset.

• After this, rendering process begins.
• The rendered image is obtained as given below

Result :

The 3D rendered image of a two storey building as per the plan and elevation created is as follows

Plan

Elevation

3D rendered model