Project 2
ANS:
The task of this project is to quantify the improvement in fuel economy numbers for the hybrid vehicle (kmpl), compared to the conventional vehicle, on the urban cycle (UDDS) and highway cycle (HWFET). Also, to analyze and understand the vehicle operating points in terms of engine and motor speed, torque, transmission speeds, pedal positions, gear, distance traveled, battery voltage, current, SoC etc.
INITIAL CODE:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Skill-Lync -> Hybrid Drives Development
% Project 2 - P1 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Model
% By - Ullekh Gambhira
% Description:
%% Initialization File
% Initialization file for loading the variables for the Conventional vehicle simulation model
%% Vehicle Parameters
M = 1500; % Vehicle weight [kg]
Cr = 0.015; % Rolling resistance coefficient
Rw = 0.35; % Rolling radius [m]
Cd = 0.33; % Drag coefficient
Af = 2; % Frontal area [m2]
rhoa = 1.225; % Air density [kg/m3]
Vwind = 0; % Wind velocity [kmph]
g = 9.81; % Gravitational acceleration [m/s2]
theta = 0; % Slope [deg]
myu_road_tire = 1; % Coefficient of friction between tire - road interface
%% Powertrain Parameters
FDR = 3.73; % Final Drive Ratio / Diff Ratio
DiffEff = 0.99; % Differential efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)
NumGear = 4; % Number of gears in transmission
TransGear = [1:NumGear]; % Transmission Gears
TransRatio = [3.06, 1.62, 1, 0.7]; % Corresponding Transmission ratios
TransEff = 0.90; % Transmission efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)
TC_SR = [0, .5, .6, .7, .8, .87, .92, .94, .96, .97, 1]; % Torque Converter Speed Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbSpd/PumpSpd
TC_TR = [2.232, 1.5462, 1.4058, 1.2746, 1.1528, 1.0732, 1.0192, 1, 1, 1, 1]; % Torque Converter Torque Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbTrq/PumpTrq
TC_Cf = 1e-4 * [.72558, .66322, .63463, .59042, .51331, .4144, .29287, .22444, .12186, .04386, 0]; % Torque Converter Capacity Factor (Matlab default) -> PumpTrq/PumpSpd^2 [Nm/rpm^2]
load Vehicle_Data/Engine_data_1_9L_Saturn_95kW
load Vehicle_Data/Trans_Shift_map
load Vehicle_Data/EM_Honda_Insight_10kW
load Vehicle_Data/ESS_NiMH6
ESS_init_soc = 0.8;
ESS_soc_max = 0.9;
ESS_soc_min = 0.6;
%% Driver Parameters
Kp = 10; % P gain for driver PI model
Ki = 1; % I gain for driver PI model
Drive_Cycle_Select = 2; % Drive cycle selection
% Drive cycle values in m/s
if Drive_Cycle_Select == 1
load DriveCycles/UDDS;
elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 2
load DriveCycles/HWFET;
elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 3
load DriveCycles/FTP;
elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 4
load DriveCycles/US06;
elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 5
load DriveCycles/NEDC;
elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 6
load DriveCycles/WLTP;
end
time_end = cyc_time(end);
vel_end = cyc_vel(end);DRIVER:
CONTROLLER:
STATE FLOW:
ENGINE CONTROL:
TRANSMISSION CONTROL:
SHIFT LOGIC:
THRESHOLD VALUE:
ELECTRIC MOTOR:
BRAKE CONTROL:
POWERTRAIN:
CRANKHUB:
ENGINE:
ELECTRIC MOTOR:
TRANSMISSION:
DIFFERENTIAL:
WHEELS:
VEHICLE DYNAMICS:
FINAL CODE:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Skill-Lync -> Hybrid Drives Development
% Project 2 - P1 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Model
% By - Ullekh Gambhira
% Description:
% The following file is to used with the Initialization file and Simulink
% results for post-processing of the data.
% The file is incomplete, has some examples of how the data is imported
% into a readable format, data analysis and plotting examples.
% Based on the project task, use commands in a similar format as given
% below, to analyse the data and generate required plots.
% You can change variable names if desired
%% Post-Processing File
% File for post-processing the Conventional vehicle simulation model data
%% Renaming variables
Time = out.tout;
Acc_Pdl = out.Acc_Pdl; % Accelerator pedal [%]
Brk_Pdl = out.Brk_Pdl; % Brake pedal [%]
Gear_Cmd = out.Gear_Cmd; % Transmission gear
Trans_In_Spd = out.Trans_In_Spd*30/pi; % Transmission input speed [rpm]
Trans_Out_Spd = out.Trans_Out_Spd*30/pi;% Transmission output speed [rpm]
Eng_Trq = out.Eng_Trq; % Engine brake torque [Nm]
Eng_Spd = out.Eng_Spd*30/pi; % Engine speed [rpm]
Eng_Fuel_Consump = out.Eng_Fuel_Consumption; % Engine fuel consumption [g]
Veh_Dist = out.Veh_Dist/1000; % Distance traveled by vehicle [km]
Veh_Spd = out.Veh_Spd*18/5; % Vehicle speed [kmph]
Wheel_speed = out.Wheel_speed; % Wheel speed [kmph]
Eng_Fuel_rate = out.Eng_Fuel_Rate; % Engine Fuel Rate [%]
Veh_Desired_Spd = out.Veh_desired_spd; % Desired Vehicle Speed
EM_sped = out.EMspeed;
EM_torq = out.EMtorque;
EM_PWR = out.EMinpwr;
Pack_current = out.packcurnt;
Pack_volt = out.packVoltg;
S_OC = out.S_O_C;
%% Data Analysis
Eng_Pwr = Eng_Spd.*pi/30.*Eng_Trq/1000; % Engine brake power [kW]
rho_petrol = 0.7197; % Density of petrol [kg/L]
kmpl = Veh_Dist(end)/(Eng_Fuel_Consump(end)/1000/rho_petrol); % Fuel economy [kmpl]
%% Plotting Fuel Consumption vs Fuel Rate
figure(1)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Eng_Fuel_Consump, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'k');
plot(Time, Eng_Fuel_rate, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'r');
xlabel('fuel consumption')
ylabel('Fuel Rate')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
legend('fuel consumption','Fuel Rate');
%% Plotting vehicle characteristics time trace Engine, Transmission Input, Transmission Output and Wheel Speed
figure(2)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Eng_Spd, 'linewidth',1, 'Color', 'g');
plot(Time, Trans_In_Spd, 'linewidth',1, 'Color', 'k');
plot(Time, Trans_Out_Spd, 'linewidth',1, 'Color', 'r');
plot(Time, Wheel_speed, 'linewidth',1, 'Color', 'b');
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Speed [rpm]')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
ylim([0, 6000]);
legend('Transmission Input','Transmission Output','Wheel Speed','Engine Speed');
%% Plotting vehicle characteristics time trace accelerator
figure(3)
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(Time, Eng_Trq, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'g');
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Torque [Nm]')
legend('Torque');
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(Time, Eng_Pwr, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'k');
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Power [KW]')
legend('Engine Power');
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(Time, Eng_Fuel_rate, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'r');
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Fuel Rate [%]')
legend('Fuel Rate')
subplot(2,2,4)
plot(Time, Eng_Fuel_Consump, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'b');
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Fuel Consumption [Kmpl]')
legend('Fuel Consumption')
%% Plotting vehicle characteristics time trace accelerator
figure(4)
subplot(3,1,1)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Acc_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'k');
plot(Time, Brk_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'r');
ylabel('Pedal [%]')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
legend('Accel','Brake');
subplot(3,1,2)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Veh_Desired_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'k');
plot(Time, Veh_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'r');
ylabel('Speed [rpm]')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
legend('Vehicle Desired Speed','Vehicle Actual Speed');
subplot(3,1,3)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Gear_Cmd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'k');
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]');
ylabel('Gear');
%% Plotting engine operating points on engine fuel map
figure('Name','Engine Operating Points');
hold on
grid on
title('Engine Operating Points','fontsize',12);
p1=plot(Eng_map_spd*30/pi,Eng_max_trq,'linewidth',2,'color','r');
p2=line([Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(end)]);
set(p2,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
p3=line([Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(1)]);
set(p3,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
[c,h] = contour(Eng_map_spd'*30/pi,Eng_map_trq,Eng_fuel_map');
clabel(c,h);
xlabel('Engine Speed [rpm]');
ylabel('Engine Torque [Nm]');
title('Engine Fuel Consumption Map [g/s]');
%p4 = plot(Eng_Spd,Eng_Trq,'.','color','k');
legend([p1 p3],{'Max Curve','Operating Points'});
axis([Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi 0 Eng_map_trq(end)]);
%%Plotting motor speed, torque, motor input power
figure(7)
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(Time, EM_torq, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'g');
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Torque [Nm]')
legend('Torque');
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(Time, Em_PWR, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'k');
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Power [KW]')
legend('Engine Power');
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(Time, Em_sped, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'r');
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('EM speed')
legend('EM SPEED')
%%Plotting pack voltage, current, and SOC
figure(8)
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(Time, Pack_currnt, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'g');
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('CURRENT')
legend('CURRENT');
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(Time, Pack_voltg, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'k');
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Voltage')
legend('Voltage');
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(Time, S_OC, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'r');
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('SOC')
legend('SOC')
%% Plotting EM operating points on EM map
figure('Name','Motor Operating Points');
hold on
grid on
title('Engine Operating Points','fontsize',12);
p1=plot(Eng_map_spd*30/pi,Eng_max_trq,'linewidth',2,'color','r');
p4=plot(Eng_map_spd*30/pi,Eng_max_gen_trq,'linewidth',2,'color','k');
p2=line([Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(end)]);
set(p2,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
p3=line([Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(1)]);
set(p3,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
[c,h] = contour(Eng_map_spd'*30/pi,Eng_map_trq,Eng_inpwr_map');
clabel(c,h);
xlabel('EM Speed [rpm]');
ylabel('EM Torque [Nm]');
title('EM Input Power');
legend([p1 p4 p3],{'Max Curve','Regen Curve','Operating Points'});
PLOTS AND GRAPHS:
UDDS CYCLE:
- FUEL CONSUMPTION VS FUEL RATE:
- VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS TIME TRACE ENGINE TORQUE, ENGINE POWER, FUEL RATE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION:
- VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS TIME TRACE ACCELERATOR AND BRAKE PEDAL, GEAR COMMAND, VEHICLE DESIRED AND ACTUAL SPEED:
- ENGINE OPERATING POINTS ON ENGINE FUEL MAP:
- MOTOR SPEED, TORQUE, MOTOR INPUT POWER CHARACTERISTICS:
- PACK VOLTAGE, PACK CURRENT, SOC CHARACTERISTICS:
- EM OPERATING POINTS:
HWFET CYCLE:
- FUEL CONSUMPTION VS FUEL RATE:
- VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS TIME TRACE ENGINE, TRANSMISSION INPUT, TRANSMISSION OUTPUT AND WHEEL SPEED:
- VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS TIME TRACE ENGINE TORQUE, ENGINE POWER, FUEL RATE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION:
- VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS TIME TRACE ACCELERATOR AND BRAKE PEDAL, GEAR COMMAND, VEHICLE DESIRED AND ACTUAL SPEED:
- ENGINE OPERATING POINTS ON ENGINE FUEL MAP:
- MOTOR SPEED, TORQUE, MOTOR INPUT POWER CHARACTERISTICS:
- PACK VOLTAGE, PACK CURRENT, SOC CHARACTERISTICS:
- EM OPERATING POINTS:
CONCLUSION:
The forward energy-based fuel consumption model of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle was developed and the plots have been plotted for UDDS and HWFET cycles.