Project 1 _Creating an Architectural plan for the provided plot size and develop relevant basic structural drawings
AIM-
To design and draft a layout of a residential building of plot size 60 'x 20'(18.3m x 6m) and orientation east facing and develop architectural drawing (floor plan, elevations and sections) and stuctural drawing (column, beam ,footing plan).
INTRODUCTION-
Built up area or plinth area : Area excluding empty space around the building is called Built up area or plinth area.
Floor plan : Floor plan is a technical drawing to scale, showing a view from above, of the relationships between rooms, spaces and other physical features at one level of a structure.
Elevation : An elevation drawing is an orthographic projection drawing that shows one side of the house.
Section : It's the drawing of a vertical cut through a building or an area of a building.
Column layout : The design and configuration of the columns throughout the structure are reinforced by the column layout. This plan divides the building into floors and specifies the precise size and distance between each column. After placing the column position and orientation, the next step is to draw a beam grid.
- LA
- LIMITS
- UN
- LINE
- PL
- XL
- DT
- MLD
- DIMLIN
- DIMCONT
- H
- CO
- F
- TR
- E
- O
- EX
- B
- I
The architectural and structural drawings are sketched up in AutoCAD using the above commands.
PROCEDURE -
1)Open AutoCAD software.
2)Set the units to architectural, select 'inches' in insertion scale option and select ok.
3)Using LIMITS command set lower left corner limit as (0,0) and upper right corner limit as (500',500').
4)Go to layer properties < create new layers < name the layers for reference < close.
5)Under Architectural drawings there will be three drawings namely : Plan, Elevation and Section.
6)Under Structural drawings there will be three drawings namely : Column layout, Footing layout and Beam layout.
7)Using the commands LINE and DT, I have created the directions.
8)Then, using the Block command, I made it to a single block and named it as directions.
I. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS :-
1)PLAN-
1)Using the line command, I drew the plot boundary of 60' x 20'.
2)The buiding's main entrance is facing the East direction.
3)Starting from the east, the car parking is planned at 11'8 1/2"x11'2" and lawn area for about 4'9 1/2"x11'2".
4)The building area is drawn leaving 1' offset distance in the North, East, West and South directions. Offset command is used to do so. After providing the offset distance, the built up area comes = 1044 sq. ft.
5)Outer walls of thickness 9'' and inner walls of thickness 4.5'' is provided.
6)I have changed the linetype into ACAD_ISO03W100 for the plot boundary and adjusted the scale for better visibility.
7)Using the commands line, polyline, offset, fillet ,trim and extend, I have created my own plan for the project.
8)It is planned as per VASTU SHASTRA. Even those directions are mentioned below :
Main door : facing east
Drawing room : facing east
Kitchen : south-east
Pooja room : north-east
Stairs : north-west
Dining room : south-east
Pantry : south-west
Store room : south-west
Bedroom : south-west
Bathroom cum toilet : north-west
9)The room dimensions are also assumed as per requirement.
10)Here, using the line and trim command, I have provided the doors spaces as required. The door dimensions are shown below :
| DOORS | SIZES |
| D1(Main door) | 5'x7' |
| D2 | 3'x7' |
| D3 | 2'6"x6'6" |
11)Using the mentioned dimensions, doors are trimmed and placed and here is the figure attached below :
12)Using line command, I have created columns of sizes 12"x12" and 9"x12". Using the Hatch command, I have filled columns with AR-CONC and adjusted the scale for better visibility and copy pasted it wherever required in the floor plan.
13)Stairs are provided using line and offset command, with Tread - 1' and Rise - 6" inside the building.
14)Window dimensions are shown below :
| WINDOWS/VENTILATOR | SIZES |
| W1 | 4'x4' |
| W2 | 3'x4' |
| V | 2'x2' |
15)Windows are drawn as per the dimensions mentioned above and are placed in the plan as per requirement.
16)After placing the windows draw the sunshades.
17)Using the DText command, I have mentioned the names for all rooms, spaces, doors, windows and the dimensions for all the rooms.
18)Using the DIMLIN command, I have mentioned the dimensions in the additional spaces and changed the layer to dimensions.
19)Using the linetype ACAD_ISO03W100, I have cut the plan into one section, SECTION - AA.
20)And in the same way first floor plan is made and the only change is that parking and lawn is replaced by balcony as shown below.
2)SECTION-AA-
1)Using the commands line, polyline, offset, fillet and trim, I have created the sectional view for the Section -AA. Using the Hatch command, I have filled columns with AR-CONC for better visibility.
2)I have provided stairs, columns, doors and sunshades of windows as per plan.
3)Provided Parapet wall and over head as well.
4)Using Hatch command, I have filled PLINTH BEAM with BRICK and adjusted the scale for better visibility.
5)Using the commands DIM-LIN, I have provided dimensions wherever required. I have mentioned the staircase dimensions also.
6)Using DText command, the name of drawing is given in the bottom.
3. ELEVATION:-
1)Using the commands line, polyline, offset, fillet, trim and hatch, I have created the Elevation.
2)I have provided columns, chajja and doors as per plan.
3)I have also provided parapet wall and over head water tank.
4)Provided balcony.
5)Using Hatch command, I have filled super structure below parapet wall with BRICK and adjusted the scale for better visibility.
6)Using Hatch command, I have filled parapet wall with SOLID and adjusted the scale for better visibility.
7Using Hatch command, I have filled columns and over head tank with SOLID.
8)Using the command DIMLIN, I have provided dimensions wherever required.
9)And using DText command, the name of the drawing is given in the bottom.
10)The following image shows the Ground Floor plan, First Floor Plan, Front Elevation and section - AA , together.
II. STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS:-
1. Column Layout:-
1)Turn off all the layers except the column layer and boundary layer in the layer properties.
2)Select the Copy tool by typing CO or COPY in the command box.
3)Select all the columns and the building boundary from the building plan and copy them to a different location as shown in the figure below.
4)Select the Construction line tool by typing XL or XLine in the command box.
5)Select the line type as ACAD_ISO03W100 and give scale as per requirement.
6)Draw lines through the midpoint of the columns in the horizontal and vertical directions as shown in the figure below.
7)Select the Trim tool by typing TR or Trim in the command box.
8)Trim the unnecessary lines and press Esc to cancel the trim command.
9)Assign all the created grid lines to grid layer.
10)Using the DIMLIN command, the dimensions between the grid lines are mentioned.
11)Label the horizontal grid lines as A, B, C etc and vertical grid lines as 1, 2, 3 etc. using DT command.
12)Number the columns as C1, C2 ,C3 etc using TEXT command.
13)Using DText command, the name of the drawing is given in the bottom.
2. Beam Layout:-
1) Using CO command, copy the column layout in a different location. Using E command, erase all the column names( C1, C2 etc) and the name of the drawing.
2)Select the Offset tool by typing O or Offset in the command box.
3)Specify offset distance as 9" and create offsets for the beam of width 9" and then press Esc.
4)Select the Trim tool by typing TR or Trim in the command box.
5)Trim the unnecessary lines and press Esc to cancel the command
6)Assign the beamlines to the beam Layer.
7)Number the beams as B1, B2 ,B3 etc using TEXT command.
8)Using DText command, the name of the drawing is given in the bottom.
3. Footing Layout:-
1)Using CO command, copy the column layout in a different location. Using E command, erase all the column names( C1, C2 etc) except C10 nad C11.
2)Using B command (Block), create a 4'x4' block and name it as 4'x4' footing. This is our square footing for the drawing.
3)Using I command (Insert), place the 4'x4' block at the required positions. Square footing is provided for all the columns except C10 and C11.
4)Using line command, provide a 5'5''x6'8" combined footing for columns C10 and C11.
5)Final footing layout is as under :
The following image shows the Column layout, Footing Layout and Beam Layout together :
RESULT:-
I have designed and drafted the layout of a residential building of plot size 60 'x 20'(18.3m x 6m) and orientation east facing and developed architectural drawing (floor plan, elevations and sections) and stuctural drawing (column, beam ,footing plan) successfully. Both Architectural and Structural drawings are shown below again :