Challenge

Project 1 _Creating an Architectural plan for the provided plot size and develop relevant basic structural drawings

DDasi Mohana Krishna22 Oct 2022

Q. Design and Draft a layout of a residential building with the following details:

Plot Size: 55’x60’
Orientation- Facing North
Develop the following: 1. Architectural Drawing (Floor Plan, Elevations, and Sections) 2. Structural Drawing (Column, Bean, Footing Plan)

Aim: To draw residential building of dimensions 55’X60’ with following drawings

Plot drawing
Ground Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
Elevation
Center line drawing
Footing Layout
Beam Layout
Section View

Introduction:

The residential building to be drawn with plot dimensions 55’X60’. The plinth dimensions are chosen as 35’X40’. The G+1 floor is designed as duplex house with stairs inside the house. The plot is north facing. The building is designed with following rooms

Ground Floor Living Room
Kitchen (Open)
Main Bedroom
Puja Room
Staircase to first floor
First Floor Living room
Bedroom-2
Guest Bedroom
Balcony
Staircase to roof

Building is designed with main door at the North-East (Ishan) facing north and main gate at north west position. Initially layers are created for all the components of the house.

The dimensions of the components of house are as follows

Walls

Thickness of main walls is taken as 9”
Internal wall thickness is taken as 4.5”

Columns and Beams

All the columns are of size 9”X12” or 12”X9” respectively
All the beams are of size 9”X9”
Rebar specifications are explained in procedure

Doors

There are three door types

Dimension of Main door and entrance 4’X8’ and at the balcony access
Dimension of doors of all bedrooms are 3’6”X7’
Dimension of doors of all toilets and Puja room are 2’8”X7’

Windows

Windows to the side of main door are taken as 2’7.5”X4’5”
Windows in main bedrooms and in both halls 3’X5’6”
Windows over the bed lights as 1’6”X4’6” in all bedrooms
Ventilators as 1’6”XN depending on its preferred height

Staircase

Inner Staircase consist of 21 steps with curved steps at the change in flight direction making it single flight straircase
Thread and Raiser are taken as 10” and 6” respectively
Curve radius is also taken as 10”
Outer staircase is connected to the roof with 21 steps
Thread and Raiser are taken as 10” and 6” respectively
Hand rails are 2” in diameter and height of 2’9”

Compound wall

Height of compound wall is taken as 6’
Thickness of compound wall is similar to wall thickness i.e. 9”

Procedure:

Open AutoCAD

In Start-up settings start from scratch select Imperial (Feet and Inches)

Open grid and snap settings

Change snap and grid spacing to 1’
Change major line every grid line to 10
Turnoff adaptive grid

Type ‘un’ in command box and press enter

Change units’ type to decimal and precision to 1’1/16” and insertion scale to inches

Step 1: Creating Layers

Open Layer properties and create new layers by clicking on new layer or right click on any layer and select new layer to create new layer

Layers are created as follows

Step 2: Creating Plot Drawing

Initially direction mark is made drawing perpendicular lines and adding text and respective layer is assigned

Change the current layer to wall layer

Draw a rectangle of dimensions 60’X54’9.625” at any point on the screen
Draw a line vertically up from top left corner of distance 21’
Offset the left and bottom line of rectangle drawn to distance of 2’ right and up respectively
Offset the top line of rectangle drawn to distance of 18’ to downwards
Offset the right edge line of rectangle drawn to distance of 18’ to downwards
Trim off the extra portions of inner rectangle
Draw the roadway of width 15’ along with center alignment line
Add relative text to the plot drawing
Hatch the plinth area using hatch type ANS137 and hatch scale 100

Result with text and dimension is provided in the result

Step 3: Creating Ground Floor Plan View

A. Creating Walls

Change the current layer to walls layer

Draw a rectangle of dimensions 60’X54’9.625” at any point on the screen
Offset the left and bottom line of rectangle drawn to distance of 2’ right and up respectively
Offset the top line of rectangle drawn to distance of 18’ to downwards
Offset the right edge line of rectangle drawn to distance of 18’ to downwards
Trim off the extra portions of inner rectangle
Offset both rectangle to a distance of 9” to inside to give the wall thickness

Draw the inner walls of thickness 4.5”
Offset the bottom inner wall edge to a distance of 12’
Offset the last offset line to a distance of 4.5”
Offset the last offset line to a distance of 4’7.5”
Offset the last offset line to a distance of 4.5”
Offset the left inner wall edge to a distance of 14’
Offset the last offset line to a distance of 4.5”
Offset the last offset line to a distance of 4.5”
Offset the last offset line to a distance of 4’3”
Offset the last offset line to a distance of 4.5”
Trim off the extra lines to obtain the figure as shown below

Create the front door inside the top right corner as shown in below figure

Create the main door opening of the dimension 4’

Create the door openings of the puja room, main bedroom and toilet in main bedroom as shown in the figure

Trim off the extra portions at the main door

B. Creating Stairway

Change the current layer to stairs

Draw a thread of stair line of width 3’6”
Offset the line to distance of 10” to upwards
Change the direction of stairs after 5 threads of stairs
Draw another 16 threads lines of width 10” as shown in figure

Change the step shape as shown in figure for an aesthetic look

3 Number of stairs are drawn at the main door as shown in the figure

C. Creating Doors and windows

Doors and windows are created as blocks and then added to the drawing

Doors

Create all door 1 using rectangles and arc of required width as shown in following figures

Convert the drawing into block using block command with name “Main_Door_4’ ”

Open the block editor and add flip states by adding parameters and actions as shown in the figure

D1: 4’-wide(Main Door)

D2: 3’6”-wide (Bedroom Door)

D3: 2’8”-wide (Small Door)

Windows and Ventilators

Windows are created by using rectangles and offset lines from center

Top and bottom lines are draw using wall layer and rest in window layer as shown in figure

Block is created using block command

Add windows at the stairway and both side of the main door each of 2’7” and top right wall edge corner

After adding doors and windows, stairway the drawing is as follows

D. Adding Furniture and Plumbing Equipment

Design center command is used add home furniture, kitchen equipment, and plumbing equipment for the rooms

Some addition furniture is imported from another file from the internet called ‘mubles’

Furniture added from both is

Dining Table
Chair-Rocking
Plant
Bed-Queen
Toilet-Top
Kitchen-Hob
Kitchen-Sink
Entertainment set
Sofa for living room
Plumbing Equipment

E.Result of Ground Floor Plan

At the end draw a walkway to the right of the plot as shown in figure

After giving dimensions and text the plan of ground floor is as follows

Step 4: Creating First Floor Plan View

A. Creating Walls

Change the current layer to walls layer

Draw a rectangle of dimensions 60’X54’9.625” at any point on the screen
Offset the left and bottom line of rectangle drawn to distance of 2’ right and up respectively
Offset the top line of rectangle drawn to distance of 18’ to downwards
Offset the right edge line of rectangle drawn to distance of 18’ to downwards
Trim off the extra portions of inner rectangle
Offset both rectangle to a distance of 9” to inside to give the wall thickness

As most of the plan is same for the first floor as well, such as

Dimensions of the main bedroom and bedroom 2 are same
Dimensions of stairway
Doorway to the balcony is similar to it draw in ground floor plan

So all the necessary things are select and copy pasted into the first floor drawing as below

B. Balcony

Using line command Balcony of width 5’ along top and right sides is drawn as shown in figure

Balcony wall of height 4’ is drawn with thickness as internal wall thickness of 4.5”

Guest bedroom with in room toilet is drawn as shown in the figure

C. Stairway, Doors and windows

Inner Stairway, doors and windows are created as per Step 3-(B&C) as mentioned above

Outer Stairway

Stairway for roof is built at the Northwest

Change the current layer to stairway

Draw stairs along the width of balcony with ½ the width as width of step
Dimension of thread is 10”
Total number of stairs is 21

D. Adding Furniture and Plumbing Equipment

Furniture is added

Some addition furniture is imported from another file from the internet called ‘muebles’

Furniture added from both is

Bed-Queen for both rooms
Toilet-Top
Sink in Toilet
Entertainment set for first floor Living room
Computer Table and Chair
Outdoor seating Canopy
Plumbing Equipment

E. Result of First Floor Plan

At the end draw a walkway to the right of the plot as shown in figure

After giving dimensions and text the plan of ground floor is as follows

Step 5: Creating Front and Side Elevations

A. Front Elevation

For obtaining the proper front elevation view from the north, vertical mirror view copy of the ground floor is created

Change the current layer to extension lines
Create vertical extension line at all the wall edge points
Draw all the wall with their thick
Each floor height is taken as 10’6”
Trim the extra portions

a. Doors and Windows

Doors and windows for elevation are similar to those added in section 2-2 view
Door of first is half visible because of the parapet wall as shown in figure
Curved Window along the inner staircase is added at a height of 7’ from the roof bottom as shown in figure

b. First Floor Staircase

Staircase to the roof of the house is through the balcony in the first floor
Front Elevation of the staircase is side view of the stairs
Each step is 6” in height and 10” in length
First six steps are invisible because of parapet balcony wall.
After 11 steps flight changes direction
Landing is of 3’ width
Hand rails of height 2’9” is added to each step
3 Steps are drawn at the main door

c.Architectural Components

Plants are added at the entrance on both side of main door
Car and Bike components are added
Trees are added as other components
Elevation Features are added on balcony walls

d. Elevation Result

After adding all the architectural features the result of elevation without hatch is shown below

B. East Side View

a. Walls

Rotate the drawing to 270^o

Using ‘XLINE’ command draw the extension lines at the all the intersecting points of section line and walls
Draw compound wall of height 6’ and walls with floor height of 10’6” of the section view as shown in figure
Parapet wall of height 3’ is draw at the top as shown in figure
Add other wall extensions

b. Doors and Windows

Draw the projection lines of doors and windows
Door is of dimension 3’6”X7’
Draw the windows using offset of series of rectangles
Import the ventilator from blocks
Draw a smaller kitchen window above the kitchen hob.

c. Staircase and Side Ramp

Staircase to the roof is located at the front balcony which from side is a front view
Outer stair case is drawn with each step height 6”
Handrails along the edge as shown in figure

Side ramp is right-side of the main door
Hand rails are drawn along the side ramp

Staircase at front door is drawn as below
Consist of 5 steps

Elevation features are added

Slab thickness is 5” i.e., 125mm

d. Result

The final result of side view without hatching is shown below

Step 6: Creating Section Views 1 and 2

Section View 1-1

a. Walls

Rotate the drawing to 270^o

Using ‘XLINE’ command draw the extension lines at the all the intersecting points of section line and walls
Draw compound wall of height 6’ and walls with floor height of 10’6” of the section view as shown in figure
Parapet wall of height 3’ is draw at the top as shown in figure

b. Staircase

After drawing walls from the projection lines, delete those projection line
Now draw the projection lines for the stairs

Change the layer to stair layer and draw the stairs

Draw the 5 steps from the side view along with side rails
Draw the slab below stairs using slab layer as shown in figure

Draw the hand rails in the first floor along the duplex opening as shown in figure

Outer stair case is also drawn with each step height 6”

Handrails along the edge as shown in figure

c. Doors

Doors of main bedroom and bedroom-2 are drawn using door layer and from the projection lines
Dimensions of both doors is 3’6”X7’
Doors pattern is imported from the challenge 8
Doors are added as shown in figure

d. Windows and Cupboards

Window for the guest bedroom is drawn with dimensions 1’6”X 4’
Cup boards for the kitchen room and the guest bedroom are drawn using C.B layer created
Kitchen Platform of height 4’ is drawn along with top cupboard

e. Living Room

Sofa Blocks and Television set are added to the section by importing the AutoCAD blocks from internet as shown n figure

f. Beams and Slabs

Slab Thickness is given as 4.5”

Beams of dimensions 9”X9” are placed where ever required

The final Result of the section 1 view without hatching is shown below

2. Section View 2-2

a. Walls

Using ‘XLINE’ command draw the extension lines at the all the intersecting points of section line and walls
Draw compound wall of height 6’ and walls with floor height of 10’6” of the section view as shown in figure
Parapet wall of height 3’ is draw at the top as shown in figure

b. Staircase

After drawing walls from the projection lines, delete those projection line
Now draw the projection lines for the stairs

Change the layer to stair layer and draw the stairs

Draw the 5 steps from the front view along with side rails
Draw the slab below stairs using slab layer as shown in figure

1Plan View 2Section View

After drawing remaining steps and hand rails the final view of steps is shown below

c. Doors

Main entrance door and balcony door are drawn using door layer and from the projection lines
Dimensions of both doors is 4’X8’
Doors pattern is imported from the challenge 8
Doors are added as shown in figure

d. Windows

Windows at both sides of the door are created with dimensions 2’7.5”X4’5”

f. Sofa and other furniture

Section view ground floor living room sofa is added
Plant beside the Television set is placed
Shoe stand is placed beside the projected wall as shown in figure
Art Work portrait block is added in the living room

g. Beams and Slab

Slab Thickness is given as 4.5”

Beams of dimensions 9”X9” are placed where ever required

The final Result of the section 1 view without hatching is shown below

Step 7: Creating Other Drawing layouts

Column Layout

Change the current layer to wall layer

Draw all the walls of the plan view excluding doors and windows

Change the current layer to column layer

At the bottom left corner draw a rectangle using column layer
All the columns are of size 9”X12” or 12”X9”
Columns are placed along the direction of wall in some cases
Draw the columns at all necessary points

The column layout for the G+1 residential house is as follows

Reinforcement in column consists of 6 bars of 0.472” diameter(12mm) bars
Stirrups of side 0.315” i.e.8mm dia bars with 150mm center to center spacing

II. Center Line Drawing

Change the current layer to center line

Draw the lines connecting centres of all columns in line
Both horizontal and vertical center lines are drawn
Give codes with alphabets for vertical center lines
Give code with number for horizontal center lines
The distance from one center line to another is to be shown

III. Footing Layout

Draw the column layout again
Change the current layer to ‘Footing_Foundation’
Draw a rectangular footing circumscribed in a circle of radius 1’8”
Dimension of all footings drawn is 3’4”X3’4” (1mX1m)

IV. Beam layouts

i. Ground floor Beams layout

Change the current layer to beam

Draw the column and wall layout of the ground floor plan
Beams are drawn with dimension 9”X12” (12” is the depth of the beam)
Beam is not used above the bathroom and puja room walls

ii. First Floor Beams layout

The only change between ground floor plan and first floor plan is the beam over the guest bedroom wall as shown in figure

In beam, 4 bars, with 2 bars of 0.472” (12mm) thickness in the bottom of the beam, and 2 bars of 0.4” (10mm) at the top of the beam

Step 8: Hatching

The hatching is done for all components of plan and elevation

Elevation patterns are chosen and applied with their respective attributes

Hatch patterns used for respective props are

All the walls in top view and side view are hatched with ANS132
All walls in front view are hatched with BRICK pattern
All beams and slabs are hatched with AR-CONC
All floors are hatched with ANS137
All Doors are hatched with solid colour patterns
All windows are hatched with gradient blue patterns

Result:

Residential G+1 floor design consists of plot drawing, plan view, center line drawing, column and beam layouts, elevation view and section views are drawn. The house consists of 3 bedrooms, 2 living rooms, puja room, kitchen and balcony. Layers are created in the first step and assigned accordingly. After drawing plan view one horizontal section and vertical section lines are drawn named as section 1-1 and section 2-2. Required components and furniture to the house are added using design center command and some other files are added from the cad blocks from browsing. Step by step procedure for all components is shown in respective steps.

Vastu Shastra Followed

Entrance of the house is provided at the North-East position.
Living room is provide at the North-West position of the house.
Master bedroom and Guest bedroom is provided in the South-West position of the house.
Kitchen is provided at the South-East position and hob is placed such that cooling is done with facing east
Pooja room is provided at the East.
Bathroom placed in the west.
Staircase provided in the North- west.
Balcony is provided at North and East positions.

In the first 7 steps, all the drawings are drawn. At the end of each step, result of that step is shown. Using step 8 hatching is done for all the drawings. The final result consists of all the drawings of the residential house with hatching.