Photo Realistic Rendering
MODELING OF AMERICAN CHOPPER IN SOLIDWORKS
Objectives-
The main objectives of this project are:
- To create individual parts of chopper using solidworks
- To assemble all the individual parts into chopper
- to know the application of decals,lights and camera etc
To create photorealistic model and render it using photoview 360 and solidwork visualize
Introduction-
Solidworks is one of the prominent modelling software avaliable today this software is mainly used to model 3D parts using 2D sketch.It also has the option to specify the material and look of the model which we created.It has other ADD-in features like photoview360 which helps in rendering of the final model to make it look photo realistic. In this project we learnt about detailed design of Americal chopper parts and assemblig them and rendering the final after assembly.
Details of SOLIDWORKS Features Used -
Sketch
The sketch is used to create the 2D representation of model. In solid work there are different entities are available like as follows:
- Line
- Circle
- Arc
- Spline
- Rectangle
- Polygon
- Fillet
- Ellipse
(Some sketch entities like line, circle, spline, arc, rectangle, etc. contain more options)
- Offset
The offset command create parallel line, curve, and concentric circles through a point or at a specified distance.
- Trim and extend entity
The trim command is used to remove the selected extra line/parts of an object. And the extend command is used to extend the selected boundaries or edges.
- Convert entity
It is used to project the last sketch in to the current sketch plane.
- Mirror
Mirror is used to create remaining half of a sketch/ copy of selected sketch about a specified line.
- Linear sketch pattern
It is used to create multiple instance of feature that can uniformly specified along one or two linear paths.
- Smart dimension
It allows you to dimension the part which is created.
- Dynamic mirror
Select the dynamic mirror feature to mirror pre-existing sketch. First select line, centerline, and linear model edge about which to mirror, and then create a sketch to mirror.
Path - Tool> Sketch Tools>Dynamic Mirror
Extruded boss/base:-
It is used to convert 2D sketch into 3D model in one or both directions from sketch plane. Here you have to specify direction up to surface, vertex, value, body from sketch plane.
Extrude cut
It helps to remove material from the created 3D model by using 2D sketch. It is opposite of extrude boss/bass feature. Here also you have to specify direction up to surface, vertex, value, body from sketch plane.
Revolved boss/base:
It is used to revolve a 2D sketch (one or more profile) along a axis, line or centerline.
Revolved cut:
This feature is just opposite of revolve boss/base. The revolved cut allows to cut a profile around an axis, plane, and line to create complex geometry.
Swept Boss/Base
A swept feature is used to create a solid body by moving a closed entity/ profile along specified sketch/path. In order to complete a feature, two sketches are necessary. One will be the closed profile and second will be the path.
Swept Cut
A swept cut feature allows to cut a 3D model by sweeping a closed sketch profile along a specified path sketch. The path sketch will control the direction of cut. Profile sketch should be connected to the path sketch.
Lofted boss/base
The loft feature creates a solid body by making transition between multiple profile and guide curve. It helps to generate complex geometry in one feature.
Lofted cut
The loft cut is allows to remove material between two sketch profiles. Make sure that selections are must under the profile selection box and not the guide curve selection box
Fillet
It is used to create a rounded shapes at internally or externally faces of the part. There are different types of fillet:
- Constant Size fillet
- Multiple radius fillet
- Round corner fillet
- Setback fillet
- Variable size fillet
- Face fillet
- Full round fillet
- Asymmetric fillet
Chamfer
This feature is creates a cut on selected edge, face or a vertex. Types of chamfer:-
- Angle –Distance- Enter the values of distance and angle in the chamfer parameter box.
- Distance- Distance- Enter the values for both distances in the chamfer parameter box or on the side of selected edges.
- A vertex- Enter values for the three distances on each side of selected vertex.
Patterns
- Linear pattern – To create multiple instances of one or more feature to that can space uniformly along specified path, plane.
- Circular pattern – To create multiple instances of one or more feature to that can space uniformly along an axis, line.
- Curve Driven Pattern – To Curve creates multiple instance of one or more feature to that can space uniformly along 3D curve (open or closed curve).
Shell
It is used to define the thickness of wall, hollows out a part, leaves open the selected faces. Shell may be with uniform or multiple thickness faces.
Dome
Dome features is used to one or more dome on the same model in one feature.
- Face to dome - Used to apply dome to faces whose centroid lies outside the face.
- Elliptical Dome -Used to apply dome for cylindrical/ conical model.
Path- Insert>Feature>Dome
Split
Split feature is used to create multiple body or surfaces from one part/ surface. In the trim tool box we need to select sketch and click on cut part. In this feature we can create multiple body or consume cut bodies.
Path- Insert>Feature>Split
Combine
There are three different options are available to use combine feature.
- Add-To merge multiple bodies together into one.
- Subtract-To remove multiple bodies from main body.
- Common- To add two bodies together and keep the area that is common to them.
Path- Insert>Feature>Combine
Feature description for surface Modelling:
Surface modelling is used to build out a represent of solid objects exterior and it’s a contours. Following feature are used in design of seat, gas tank of chopper.
Swept Surface
The surface is created by sweep profile and sweep path.
Lofted Surface
The surfaces are generated by multiple 3D curves / existing edges. There should be a tangency between the selected curve/edges.
Boundary Surface
The boundary surface creates surfaces that can be tangent or curvature continuous in both direction. In most of cases, we get high quality result as compare to lofted surface.
Filled Surface
The feature create a surface to fill the gap in a model.
Surface Trim
It is used to cut away material from a surface.
Extend Surface
This feature extend the surface by selecting as edge, multiple edges or a face.
Surface Knit
The surface knit feature combine multiple faces and surfaces into one. Surface edges must be adjacent and not overlapping.
Appearance
An appearance is define the visual properties of model which include color and texture. We can apply appearance to the individually to the complete model / one or more face /edges .It does not affect on physical property which are defined by material.
Description of American chopper parts and used features in detailed:-
- Transmission belt: The main purpose of transmission belt is used to transmit power which is developed inside the engine to gear box with maximum efficiency.
Features used to create a Transmission belt are:
- Sketch
- Offset
- Extrude
- Fillet and
- Apperances
The following procedure is used to create a Transmission belt:
1. First open solid works then select new part to create new model
2. Then change the default names of planes as
Front plane in to Front plane Transmission belt.
Top plane in to Top plane Transmission belt.
Right plane in to Right plane Transmission belt.
3.Then select front plane transmission belt to create a 2D sketch and draw a sketch and give the dimensions, relations to sketch for fully defined.
4. Then offset the sketch with some distance by using offset command then exist the sketch.
5. Then extrude command is used to convert 2D sketch into 3D model.
6. Then fillet is applied to belt as per requirements and model of transmission belt is created and change appearance of belt and save the model.
Transmission Belt
2.Kick stand: The kick stand is usually more convenient for quickly propping the bike up when parking for a short time since you don't have to lift the bike at all to use it. It can be easier to get a bike off the kick stand than off the centre stand on sloping ground in a controlled fashion, especially if the bike is heavy.
Features used to create a Kick stand are:
- Sketch
- Loft
- Dome
- Extrude boss
- Extrude cut
- Fillet
- Split
- Appearances
The following procedure is used to create a Kick stand:
1. First open solid works then select new part to create new model
2. Then change the default names of planes as
Front plane in to Front plane.
Top plane in to Top plane.
Right plane in to Mid plane.
3. Then select midplane for sketching.
4. Then draw the 2D sketch by using sketch commands, spline and trim commands and apply dimensions, relations for fully defined the sketch.
5. Then create new planes and draw ellipse in new planes as per required.
6. Then use loft command for create a loft to kick stand.
7. Extrude cut command is used to cut unwanted parts in the kick stand and change the appearance of kick stand and save the model.
Kick stand
3. Front fender: The front fender is mounted on a above the front wheel, which is used to protect rider and chopper other parts from dust, mud and other particles.
Features used to create front fender:
- Sketch
- Offset entities
- Trim entities
- Revolve
- Dynamic mirror
- Split
- Fillet
- Appearance
The following procedure is used to create a Front fender:
1. First open solid works then select new part to create new model
2.Then change the default names of planes as
Front plane in to vertical plane Front fender
Top plane in to centre plane Front fender
Right plane in to Mid-plane Front fender
3. Then select vertical plane front fender for sketching
4. Then draw the 2D sketch by using sketch commands, spline and trim commands and apply dimensions, relations for fully defined the sketch.
5. Then change the appearance of front fender and save the model.
Front fender
4. Rear fender: Its primary purpose is to prevent sand, mud, rocks, liquids, and other road sprayfrom being thrown into the air by the rotating tire. Fenders are typically rigid and can be damaged by contact with the road surface.
Features used to create a Rear fender:
- Sketch
- Offset entities
- Trim entities
- Revolve
- Apperance
The following procedure is used to create a Rear fender:
1. First open solid works then select new part to create new model
2. Then change the default names of planes as
Front plane in to vertical plane Rear fender
Top plane in to centre plane Rear fender
Right plane in to Mid-plane Rear fender
3. Then select centre plane Rear fender for sketching.
4. Then draw the 2D sketch by using sketch commands, spline and trim commands and apply dimensions, relations for fully defined the sketch.
5. Then change the appearance of front fender and save the model.
Rear Fender
5. Oil Tank: The oil tank is hollow section, and main purpose of oil tank is used to store the oil and supply the oil to engine while run the vehicle.
Features used to create a Oil tank:
- Sketch
- Boss extrude
- Combine
- Shell
- Fillet
- Appearance
The following procedure is used to create a Oil tank:
- First open solid works then select new part to create new model
- Then change front plane into midplane oil tank and select top plane for sketching
- Then draw 2D sketches by using sketch commands, then add dimensions and relations as we required for fully defined the sketch, then combine the model.
- Then do shell and fillet commands and change the appearances and save the model.
Oil tank
6. Chain: Chain is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels of vehicle, particularly bicycles and motorcycles. Most often, the power is conveyed by a roller chain, known as the drive chain or transmission chain, passing over a sprocketgear, with the teeth of the gear meshing with the holes in the links of the chain.
Features used to create a chain:
- Sketch
- Boss extrude
- Fillet
- Curve driven pattern
- Mirror
- Appearance
The following procedure is used to create a Chain:
1. First open solid works then select new part to create new model
2. Then change the default names of planes as
Front plane in to Midplane chain
Top plane in to centre plane chain
Right plane in to Front plane chain
3. Then draw 2D sketches by using the sketch commands, and give dimensions and relations as we required for fully defined the sketch.
4. Then use curve driven pattern and fillet the chain.
5. Then change the appearance of chain and save the model.
Chain
7. Pedal: The main purpose of pedal is that place the leg on top of that for resting position and some times used for changing the gears by keeping leg on pedal.
Features used to create a chain:
- Sketch
- Boss extrude
- Revolve
- Dome
- Fillet
- Chamfer
- Linear pattern curve
- Appearance
The following procedure is used to create a Pedal:
- First open solid works then select new part to create new model
- Then select front plane for 2D sketch.
- Then draw all 2D sketches by using sketch commands, and add dimensions and relations as per required for fully defined the sketch.
- Then apply dome, fillet and chamfer commands to sketch.
- Then add linear pattern curve for sketch and change the appearance of sketch.
Pedal
8. Front wheel: Motorcycle wheels are made to cope with radial and axial forces. They also provide a way of mounting other critical components such as the brakes, final drive and suspension. Wheels, and anything directly connected to them, are considered to be unsprang mass. Traditionally motorcycles used wire-spoked wheels with inner tubes and pneumatic tyres.
Features used to create a Front wheel:
- Sketch
- Revolve
- Boss extrude
- Cut extrude
- Circular pattern
- Linear pattern
- Combine
- Trim
- Fillet
- Chamfer
- Appearance
The following procedure is used to create a Front wheel:
- First open solid works then select new part to create new model
- Then select front plane for 2D sketch.
- Then draw all 2D sketches by using sketch commands, and add dimensions and relations as per required for fully defined the sketch.
- Then apply linear pattern, circular pattern, fillet, chamfer combine commands to sketch.
- Then change the appearance of front wheel.
Front wheel
9. Rear wheel: The chain is connected between the engine and rear wheel to drive the vehicle which the power is develop inside the engine. The rear wheel has disc and sprocket attachment.
Features used to create a Rear wheel:
- Sketch
- Revolve
- Cut extrude
- Boss extrude
- Circular pattern
- Combine
- Revolve cut
- Fillet
- Chamfer
- Appearance
The following procedure is used to create a Rear wheel:
- First open solid works then select new part to create new model
- Then select front plane for 2D sketch.
- Then draw all 2D sketches by using sketch commands, and add dimensions and relations as per required for fully defined the sketch.
- Then apply linear pattern, circular pattern, fillet, chamfer combine commands to sketch.
- Then change the appearance of rear wheel.
Rear wheel
10. Front fork: The front fork prevents excessive weight on the front wheel during drastic sudden applications the break, softens bumping when driving on rough road surfaces. The front fork maintains proper damping through traction with the road surface.
Features used to create a Front fork:
- Sketch
- Revolve
- Boss extrude
- Fillet
- Linear pattern
- Cut extrude
- Dome
- Revolve cut
- Project curve
- Mirror
- Combine
- Sweep
- Split
The following procedure is used to create a Front fork:
- First open solid works then select new part to create new model
- Then select front plane for 2D sketch.
- Then draw all 2D sketches by using sketch commands, and add dimensions and relations as per required for fully defined the sketch.
- Then mirror the object and change the appearance of object.
Front fork
11. Chassis: A motorcycle’s chassis or frame forms its skeleton. All the components of a motorcycle, like the suspension, wheels, fuel tank, seats, handlebars etc, are attached to this base structure which lends a motorcycle its strength and ability to handle well. Motorcycle frames come in a variety of materials and shapes, based on the budgetary and performance-related limits of the end product.
Features used to create a Chassis:
- Sketch
- Convert entities
- Project curve
- Offset
- Trim
- Sweep
- Split
- Revolve
- Cut extrude
- Fillet
- Combine
- Mirror
- Chamfer
- Dome
The following procedure is used to create a Chassis:
1. First open solid works then select new part to create new model
2. Then change the default names of planes as
Front plane in to Midplane chassis
Top plane in to bottom plane chassis
3. Then select midplane chassis for sketch then bring the sketch picture in the midplane chassis and then change the x and y directions positions and transparency as per required.
4. Then exist the sketch and rename the sketch as blueprint chopper.
5. Then draw the 2D sketches by using planes, and sketch commands and give dimensions and relations as per required to fully defined the sketch.
6. Then change the appearance of chassis and save the model.
Chassis
12. Engine: The engine is prime mover of any vehicle; it converts the chemical energy in to heat energy by burning the air fuel mixture inside the engine cylinder. Motorcycle engines are typically two-strokeor four-stroke internal combustion engines, but other engine types, such as Wrankels and electric motors, have been used. Then heat energy is converted in to mechanical energy by rotating the parts like flywheel, clutch, gear box etc…. then power is transmitted to rear wheels.
Features used to create a Engine:
- Sketch
- Boss extrude
- Revolve
- Fillet
- Circular pattern
- Dome
- Cut extrude
- Chamfer
- Linear pattern
- Mirror
- Swept
- Project curve
- Split
The following procedure is used to create a Engine:
- First open solid works then select new part to create new model
- Then select front plane for sketch and then bring the sketch picture in the midplane chassis and then change the x and y directions positions and transparency as per required.
- Then exist the sketch and rename sketch in to blueprint chopper.
- Then draw the 2D sketches by using planes, and sketch commands and give dimensions and relations as per required to fully defined the sketch.
- Then change the appearance of Engine and save the model.
Engine
13. Gas tank: The main purpose of gas tank is used to store the gas. It supplies the gas when engine required.
Features used to create a Gas tank:
- Sketch
- Surface sweep
- Surface trim
- Project curve
- Surface loft
- Surface boundary
- Surface knit
- Split line
- Mirror
- Surface extrude
- Fillet
- Cut sweep
- Shell
The following procedure is used to create a Gas Tank:
1. First open solid works then select new part to create new model.
2.Then change the default names of planes as
Front plane in to Midplane fuel tank
Top plane in to bottom plane fuel tank
Right plane in to front plane fuel tank
3. Then select midplane fuel tank for sketch, then bring the sketch picture in the midplane fuel tank and then change x & y directions positions and transparency as per required.
4. Then exist the sketch and rename sketch in to under lay fuel tank.
5. Then draw the 2D sketches by using planes, and sketch commands and give dimensions and relations as per required to fully defined the sketch.
6. Then change the appearance of Gas tank and save the model.
Gas tank
Assembly of American chopper
- All part modelling windows should be opened.
- Initially, chassis part is inserted in to the main assembly environment by using insert part option and press ok to fix the chassis.
- Similarly other parts also inserted into the main assembly environment and give them possible mates to fully define. Following is the part insertion sequence:-
- Chassis
- Engine
- Pedal
- Kickstand
- Transmission Belt
- Oil Tank
- Rear Wheel
- Rear Fender
- Chain
- Gas Tank
- Front Fork
- Front Wheel
- Front Fender
Features used to create assembly-
- Insert Components
- Mates
- Mirror
- Save the assembly- American Chopper
Insert components
We can insert component in the assembly which is need to be mated with fix component.
Mates
Mates creates geometric relations with the components which are inserted into the assembly. While making assembly we used various type of mates like –
- Standard Mates- concentric, parallel, coincident, tangent, distance, angle, etc.
- Advanced Mates- Limit, Width, etc.
The following procedure is used to create a Assembly of American chopper:
- Click on file then open all the components and then open assembly file.
- Then open insert components and then select chassis and insert then ok.
- Then insert engine manually in rough position, then select front plane of engine and front plane of assembly and make coincident each other
- Then select bottom face of motor and one of plate of frame and make coincident each other and then give distance between front face of plate and frame. Then replace front plane of assembly to midplane chassis then mate and save.
- Then expand part and rebuild dimensions as per orientation and do collapse items.
- Then insert pedal manually inside of assembly to position and then select outside pedal and inside of frame plate and make concertic and coincident. Again, open the engine part and then modify as per orientation and then open assembly file and save.
- Then mirror the pedal by using mirror component as per orientation and save.
- Then insert the kick stand to nearest point of orientation and then mate the plate and kick stand. then make parallel between midplane of kick stand plate of frame and give the angle as per required and save.
- Then insert transmission belt and drag in to the closest position and select belt and pulleys and make concetric each other and then select two outsides face of pulley and then go to advance mate then select two faces of belt and pulley and then mate and then modify the belt dimensions as per orientation and then collapse items and save
- hen insert oil tank and select bottom face of oil tank and top face of motor and make coincident and then select midplane of oil tank and midplane of chassis and make coincident and then save.
- Then insert rear wheel in to nearest place and then change y direction as per orientation and then concetric between inside of wheel and axle.
- Then select right plane of rear wheel and midplane of chassis and make coincident and then select right plane of chassis and front plane of rear wheel and make parallel and then collapse items and save.
- Then insert rear fender in correct orientation by changing Y and Z directions and then select the one side of fender and tire face and make concentric and then select midplane of Rear fender and midplane of chassis and make coincident and again select plane of rear fender and right plane of chassis and make parallel and save.
- Then insert the chain to nearest place and then select midplane of chain and midplane of chassis and make parallel to each other, Then mate the chain and sprocket with each other and then collapse items and save.
- Then insert gas tank in the closest place and then select front plane of fuel tank and plane 2 of chassis and make coincident each other and then select bottom plane of fuel tank and bottom plane of chassis and then make coincident and then midplane of fuel tank and midplane of chassis make coincident and modify the one of coincident mate as per orientation and save.
- Then insert front fork to front face of model and then select stem of fork and front part chassis and make concentric each other.
- Then mate the upper and lower arms and top and bottom of section and control the angle by using mate command between front plane of fork and midplane of chassis and select midplane of chassis and front plane of fork make parallel and collapse items and save.
- Then insert front wheel by rotating Y direction and make concerntric with between wheel and axle.
- Then create a plane by using roll back feature tree and midplane of fork and right plane of wheel and vertical plane of front fork and make coincident each other and save.
- Then insert front fender by using changing direction of Y direction as per orientation.
- Then select vertical plane front fender and vertical plane fork and make coincident and then select centre plane of front fender and top plane of wheel and make coincident and midplane of fender and right plane of wheel make coincident and collapse items and save.
- Then edit chassis and chain as per orientation and save the file.
Fig.14 Isometric, Front, Top, Left Side and Camera View of American Chopper Assembly
Decals used for American Chopper
- We can apply decals to a part faces, rather than to an assembly because we cannot select specific faces.
- Path- Click PhotoView 360 > Edit Decal,
Fig. 15 Decals on Gas Tank, Rear Fender, Oil Tank resp.
Rendering for American Chopper
Rendering is process of creating realistic images of the model with environment.
In rendering various aspects such as camera, light, environment, background scene, appearance, etc. are taken in consideration before final rendering. To check the all thing preview rendering option is used.
There are two ways of rendering in SOLIDWORKS.
- Photoview 360
- Solidworks Visualize
In photorealistic model, some of the mates and conditions are changed to render realistic model. So we have to change as per different view before rendering.
Rendered images of American Chopper
Conclusion:-
- The parts are sketched and modelled in the SOLDWORKS.
- The modelled parts are assembled with possible mates in to the main assembly of American chopper.
- The decals are applied to faces of parts.
- The realistic images was rendered with use of both ways “Photoview 360 and Solidworks Visualize.