Identification of Cracks

Q. 1)

a)

• The above image shows a damage at Beam-Column joint.
• The mode of failure is flexural cracks developed at the bottom side of beam.
• Here,The beam is fail and column is not disturbed.So,this is the case of strong column and weak beam.
• The moment capacity of column is greater than beam.So,the beam is failed prior to column.
• The damage is mainly caused due to not providing sufficient cover to the beam.
• And the repair can be done by providing cover to the joint.

b)

• In this image,This damage is caused due to improper plaster material.
• This damage can be repaired by removing the pieces of damaged plastered material and once again by applying the suitable plaster material.

c)

• The image shows beam and column connection failure.
• This damage is occure due to formation of plastic hinge at the joint.
• This damage is unrepairable.

Q. 2)

a)

• The image shows Flexural compression in column.
• This type of failure occure due to very high axial load in building.
• This type of failure can be avoided by providing high compressive strength concrete.

b)

• The image shows mode of failure is shear failure of column.
• This type of failure occurs due to large horizontal load like wind load,earthquake loads.
• This type of failure can be avoided by providing the proper shear links and shear connectors.
• And also increase the column size.

c)

• This image shows mode of failure is short column failure.
• The short column is more stiffer than long column which will result in failure of short column prior to the long column.
• The short column is subjected to compressive stresses and hence it fails by crushing.
• The failure of short column is avoided by using Retrofitting techniques.