Identification of Cracks

1a. Beam column connection failure:

Formation of the plastic hinge at undesirable locations, the joint is not supposed to beam the weak link between the two joints of column and beam. These elements are subjected to very high shear force during seismic activity. If these cracks are left unattended will lead to loss of strength and collapse Formation of plastic hinges must occur at the end of the beam not at the column.

1b. Beam column connection failure:

Formation of the plastic hinge at undesirable locations, the joint is not supposed to beam the weak link between the two joints of column and beam. These elements are subjected to very high shear force during seismic activity. If these cracks are left unattended will lead to loss of strength and collapse Formation of plastic hinges must occur at the end of the beam not at the column.

1c. Beam column connection failure:

Formation of the plastic hinge at undesirable locations, the joint is not supposed to beam the weak link between the two joints of column and beam. These elements are subjected to very high shear force during seismic activity. If these cracks are left unattended will lead to loss of strength and collapse Formation of plastic hinges must occur at the end of the beam not at the column.

2a. Shear failure of the column:

It follows the mechanism of the weak column and strong beam. longitudinal steel has bulked due to large compression forces.

2b. Compression failure in the failure:

The axial stress on the columns is more than that the allowed stress. compression failure occurs when the concrete starts to fail. it is non-repairable.

2c. Short column effect:

It is caused due to influence of partial height infill increasing column shear force which causes an undesirable mode of deformation. It happens due to ignoring the stiffening effect of non-structural partial height masonry infill built hard up against the column. The shorter column attracts higher shear force which often to deformation or collapses.