Final Project: Design of an Electric Vehicle
| Design of an Electric Vehicle | |||
| Introduction | |||
| In the recent years, many existing automobile manufacturers and new dedicated companies have put a remarkable effort in transforming the conventional vehicle into an Electric Vehicle that provides green and reliable solutions. | |||
| In terms of market share, EV demand is rising. It has started replacing conventional vehicle In USA, Europe and Asia. With revolutionized perspective and competitive price (Entry range), | |||
| EV is a smart choice for any end user, however, an extra effort is required to enhance the range of autonomy and vary applications. | |||
| EV and it's main components | |||
| Motor | |||
| It is a improtent component for every EV it is only going to deside your vechile performance | |||
| Following type of motors avilable for EV | |||
| 1. DC Series Motor | |||
| 2. Brushless DC Motor | |||
| 3. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) | |||
| 4. Three Phase AC Induction Motors | |||
| 5. Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) | |||
| Reducer | |||
| The reducer is a kind of transmission in that it serves to effectively convey the motor’s power to the wheel. | |||
| But it carries the special name―reducer―for a reason: the motor has a far higher RPM than that of an internal combustion engine, | |||
| so whereas transmissions change the engine RPM to match the driving circumstance, the reducer must always reduce the RPM to an appropriate level. | |||
| With the reduced RPM, the EV powertrain can take advantage of the resulting higher torque. | |||
| Battery | |||
| The battery stores electrical energy and is the equivalent of a fuel tank in an internal combustion engine. | |||
| The maximum driving distance of an EV is often determined by the battery capacity―the higher the capacity, the higher the driving distance. | |||
| Types of batterys used in EV | |||
| Lithium-Ion Batteries | |||
| Lead Acid Batteries | |||
| Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries | |||
| Battery Management System(BMS) | |||
| The Battery Management System(BMS) manages the battery’s many cells so that they can operate as if they are a single entity. | |||
| The EV’s battery consists of as little as tens to as many as thousands of mini-cells, and each cell needs to be in a similar condition to the others in order to optimize the battery’s durability and performance. | |||
| Battery Cooling System | |||
| n lower temperatures, the battery sees a decrease in both charging capacity and speed. | |||
| The battery heater exists to keep the battery within the ideal temperature range, preventing seasonal performance decreases and maintaining the max driving distance. | |||
| The system functions while charging as well, ensuring the efficiency of the charge. | |||
| On-board Charger(OBC) | |||
| The On-board Charger(OBC) is used to convert Alternating Current(AC) from slow chargers or portable chargers used on home outlets into Direct Current(DC) | |||
| Electric Power Control Unit(EPCU) | |||
| The Electric Power Control Unit(EPCU) is an efficient integration of nearly all devices that control the flow of the electric power in the vehicle. | |||
| It consists of the inverter, the Low voltage DC-DC Converter(LDC), and the Vehicle Control Unit(VCU). | |||
| 1. Inverter | |||
| The inverter converts the battery’s DC into AC | |||
| 2. Low voltage DC-DC Converter | |||
| The LDC converts the high voltage electricity from the EV’s high-voltage battery into low-voltage(12V) and supplies it to the vehicle’s various electronic systems | |||
| 3. Vehicle Control Unit | |||
| As the control tower of all electric power control systems in the vehicle, The VCU is arguably the most important component of the EPCU | |||
| Regenerative Braking | |||
| As the electric car moves, the electric motor generates a forward momentum and it can be used to charge the batteries when you apply the brakes, which is commonly referred to as regenerative braking | |||
| Drive System | |||
| The function of the drive system is to transfer mechanical energy to the traction wheels, generating motion. An electric car does not require a conventional transmission | |||
| Diffrent types of EV | |||
| Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) | |||
| AUDI e-Tron Sportback | |||
| Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PGHEV) | |||
| BMW i8 | |||
| Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) | |||
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AUDI Q5 Quattro Hybrid |
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