Final Project: Design of an Electric Vehicle
STUDENT OF EV BATCH 16 ONLINE COURSE
1.Create a MATLAB model of electric car which uses a battery and a DC motor. Choose suitable blocks from Powertrain block set. Prepare a report about your model including following:
Objectives:
1. System level configurations
2. Model parameters
3. Results
4. Conclusion
Electric vehicle is a kind of vehicle which uses electric motor for propulsion instead of IC engine.
It uses electricity from energy storage system usually battery(Li-ion) for functioning of motor and other equipments.
Batteries fitted in the EVs are having high energy densiies inorder to meet the power requirement and range.
Electric vehicles doesnot have emission.
Key components of Electric car.
Battery (all-electric auxiliary): In an electric drive vehicle, the auxiliary battery provides electricity to power vehicle accessories.
Charge port: The charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external power supply in order to charge the traction battery pack.
DC/DC converter: This device converts higher-voltage DC power from the traction battery pack to the lower-voltage DC power needed to run vehicle accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery.
Electric traction motor: Using power from the traction battery pack, this motor drives the vehicle's wheels. Some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration functions.
Onboard charger: Takes the incoming AC electricity supplied via the charge port and converts it to DC power for charging the traction battery. It also communicates with the charging equipment and monitors battery characteristics such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge while charging the pack.
Power electronics controller: This unit manages the flow of electrical energy delivered by the traction battery, controlling the speed of the electric traction motor and the torque it produces.
It is a parametric longitudinal speed tracking controller for generating normalized acceleration and braking commands based on reference and feedback velocities.
3)Controlled voltage source
an ideal voltage source that is powerful enough to maintain the specified voltage at its output regardless of the current passing through it.
4)Controlled PWM voltage
Parameters
4) H-Bridge
A H-bridge switches the polarity of a voltage applied to a load.
Parameter:
5) Battery
It supplies the input voltage
Here 330V is the input voltage
6)DC motor
It have the electrical and torque characteristics of DC motor.
Parameters:
7) SOC subsystem
Here the first block is the rate transition block then gain block and discrete time integrator. These are connected in series and compared with the initial state of charge and the output obtained will be the SOC of the battery.
Gain block parameter
8) Vehicle subsystem
Here 4 tire magic block is connected. The hub of the four tyres and axle of four tyres are connected with each other.
And they are connected to the respective port in the vehicle body.
The simple gear block is connected to the axle
The axle is provided with additional inertia.
Here the velocity is obtained.
Both wind velocity constant and grade constant are kept at minimum.
Parameters:
Vehicle body
The value for mass and wheels per axle along with other datas are given
Gear box
It is a fixed ratio gear. There is no inertia in this model.
The distance is obtained with the help of following blocks.
Distance travelled is obtained by integrating the vehicle velocity and it is then divided by 3600.
The SOC waveform obtained is
The ups and downs in the above graph is due to the acceleration and decelaration of the vehicle. The stable area in the graph is due to regenerative breaking.
The current waveform
The unstable waveform is due to the variation of the current accoriding to the duty cycle.
Vehicle speed performance:
From the above figure we can assume that the vehicle didnot reach the maximum speed at all time.
CONCLUSION:
Simulink model for electric vehicle has been designed and has obtained output according to the FTP75 duty cycle. It has travelled 1.8km with 330V battery.
If the battery capacity is further increased the range can be extended more by considering the size and cost.
Model
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1d0_HJIIsSfSAi-MAn_FjSWZhnrnSK6YQ/view?usp=drivesdk