Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge

Aim:

This project shows that examine the given fender wheel arch design to verify if the wheel arch of the fender meets the European standards.

FENDER: Fender is the part of a car that protects and frames its wheels and keeps mud from splashing it. Most modern vehicles have fenders on their front wheels. It is the part of a car, truck or motorcycle that surrounds the wheel sell. The primary function of a fender is to prevent dirt and debris from being thrown into the air by the tire. The fender is located over the wheels of the vehicle. As such, there are four fenders on a typical vehicle: front right, front left, rear right and rear left.

Fender Wheel Arch:

• Fender Wheel Arch is the sem-circular part positioned above the wheel of the vehicle.
• The most important body was a change that the front wheel arch was cut higher into the fender.
• The car was large in size, high definition headlights that extend to the wheel arch.

Fender Safety:

• The fender is a part of the car, it is also used as a protecting the side of the engine compartment.
• Pedestrian safety is also considered while designing a wheel arch in a fender since the debris in the wheel shouldn't hit them in the motion of the car.
• Fender is also reduced pedestrian injury when there is a pedestrian-vehicle crash and prevent the throwing up of debris nearby vehicles.

Types of the fender:

There are two types of the fender. they are:

1. Full Bumper.
2. Half Bumper.

Full Bumper of the fender:

The full bumper is mostly cover the wheel part almost 18% as shown in the below.

Half Bumper of the fender:

Half Bumper helps reduce the weight of the fender at the same time it proves the safety of pedestrian moving motion as shown in the figure.

Fender design considerations:

1. Drip Area.
2. Wheel Arch.
3. Baffle and ORVM mount area.
4. Frontal crash regulation and requirements.

Standards for Designing Front Fender:

JAPAN REQUIREMENTS FOR FENDER WHEEL ARC:

1. Measure clearance L of tire, hub, cap, and fender in three different positions within area K and produce clearance check chart to validate.
2. Clearance must be greater than 5mm in all the three positions.
3. Wheel guard requirement: the value a shall be more than 5mm at a line 30*forward and 50*rearward from the central vertical axis of axis of wheel.

US STANDARDS REGULATION FOR FENDER WHEEL ARC:

1. Make clearance check details on all positions from -100* to 100* and make the clearance check table.
2. All values should be greater than 5mm to satisfy the regulation.
3. The value of ‘a’ shall be more than 5mm at a line 30* forward and 50*rearward from the central vertical axis of axis of wheel.

EUROPEAN REGULATION:

Measure CL L at section SA-SA-SB-SB-SC-SC-SD-SD-SE-SE and produce CL check chart to validate.

1. At all five sections the CL L value should be greater than 10mm to satisfy the European regulations.
2. Wheel guard requirement: the value of ‘a’ shall be more than 5mm at a line 30*forward and 50*rearward from the central vertical axis of axis of wheel.

PROCEDURE:

1. The clearance"L" as shown in above fig at all the five sections SA-SA, SB-SB, SC-Sc, SD-SD and SE-SE should be greater than 10 mm.

2. Wheel Guard Requirement: The value of 'a shall be more than 5 mm at a line 30° forward and 50° rearward from centre vertical axis of the wheel.

4.Obtaining Results:

Software Used: NX 12 (CAD)

Sketch is drawn on the wheel face as per the European standards provided and projected on the wheel arch at sections SA, SB, SC, SD and SE to measure 'L', 'a and wheel arch area.

A.Obtaining the values of clearance "L"

a)Measuring "L" for the given wheel and fender at SB:

The value of "L" at SB=10.00mm

b)Measuring "L" for the given wheel and fender at SA

The value of "L" at SA=9.950

c)Measuring "L" cor the given wheel and fender at SC:

The value of "L" at SC=0.113mm

d)Measuring "L" for the given wheel and fender at SD:

The value of "L" at SD=2.336mm

e)Measuring "L" for the given wheel and fender at SE:

The values of "L" at SE=5.997mm

TABLE A :Clearence "L" obtained at sections SA,SB,SC,SD and SE

Section	Clearence "L" 10(in mm)	Comments
SA	9.950<10	Fail
SB	10<=10	Pass
SC	0.113<10	Fail
SD	2.886<10	Fail
SE	5.997<10	Fail

From table A,the given fender does not pass the European Standards for the Wheel arc area at sections SA,SC,SD and SE

B)Obtaining the values of cleareance "a" for wheel Guard Requirements

a)Finding the values of "a" at line 30 deg forward from center vertical axis of the wheel.

The value of "a" at line 30 deg forward from center vertical axis of the wheel =43.626mm

b)Finding the value of "a" at line 50 deg rearward from centre vertical axis of the wheel.

The value of "a" at line 50 deg rearward from centre vertical axis of the wheel=38.359 mm

TABLE B: Clearence "a" obtained at section SB (AT 30 deg forward from centre axis),SC(at 50 deg rearward from centre axis)

Section	Angle(in deg)	CLearence	Comments
SB	30	43.626>5	Pass
SC	50	38.359>5	Pass

From table B,the given fender passes the European standards for wheel arch area only in the case of cleareance "a"

C.Wheel Arch of the given Fender

Wheel Arch Area=24432.93 mm2

Wheel Arch Radius=421.18 mm

5.Conculusion:

From the above results obtained, we can conclude that the given fender doesn't pass the European Standards for Wheel Arch Area.