Design of backdoor
DESIGN OF BACKDOOR
AIM:
To design the back door of the car and make the inner panel for the back door and also design the necessary reinforcements.
BACK DOOR:
A vehicle's door is a hinged component utilized for entry and exit. Back doors, located adjacent to the passenger seat, provide access to the luggage compartment. In most cars, gas stays are used to operate these back doors, reducing the effort required to lift open the door. Luxury vehicles often feature powered back doors, driven by an electric motor. This system is also known as a powered trunk lid system. Hatchbacks and station wagons are sold as either 3-door or 5-door models. In Europe, the rear hatch is classified as a door since it enters the passenger compartment. Safety is of utmost importance, and the design of the back door must meet the necessary safety requirements for rear collisions.
TYPES OF BACK DOOR:
- Top mounted door
- Side mounted door
- Bottom mounted door
1. Top Mounted Door:
This type of rear door is commonly found in station wagons, pickup trucks, and some sport utility vehicles. Modern-day cars, on the other hand, employ top-mounted tailgating systems that feature both powered and gas stay support. These top-mounted tailgates offer superior rear visibility vis-a-vis side-mounted or bar doors, which feature canter pillars.
2. Side Mounted Door:
Side-mounted doors or barn doors are commonly found in MPVs, SUVs, and pickup trucks. Unlike top-mounted doors, these doors are more accessible and convenient for handling goods. They are typically smaller in size and can be easily opened, making them ideal for handling lengthy objects like long pipes, where one door can remain open. Additionally, side-mounted doors reduce the risk of accidental head impacts and simplify the loading and unloading process, making them a preferred choice for vehicle owners.
3. Bottom mounted door:
Bottom type or split type backdoor system is used in estate type cars, pickup trucks and some luxury SUVs. These are most convenient type of backdoor in which the bottom split is used as a support or even as a table for the touring people.
The types of working mechanism in the back door (Tail gate) and they are
1. Gas stay type
2. Power lifted system.
Back Door Assembly:
Ø Back door upper panel.
Ø Back door lower panel.
Ø Back door Inner panel.
Ø Hinge reinforcement.
Ø Gas stay reinforcement.
Ø Latch and striker reinforcement.
Ø Wiper motor reinforcement.
Inner panel
The inner door panel serves as a crucial component for reinforcing the door assembly. It functions as a base for all other accessories, including hinges, glass guide channels, moulded trim, and latch. One possible method for manufacturing this component is the integration method. In this method, the part is stamped out of a single blank, which reduces the number of tools required, minimizes assembly costs, and eliminates potential fit issues.
Outer panel
The outer panel of the back door is similar to other BIW components where it is the aesthetic part of a vehicle. The coating provided is of multi-stage which has the property of scratch resistance, rust prevention and smooth and attractive finishes. The outer panel also has the provisions for the tail lamp, rear fog lamp and also has the provision for licence plate mountings. Most of the hatchback cars have the provision for wiper motor.
Hinge reinforcement
Hinges enable the opening and closing of the back door. One end of the hinge is fixed on the backdoor and the other end on the Roof, on both sides. Hinges can be placed outside or inside the backdoor. The hinge reinforcements are added to compensate for the weak region due to the acting load over it.
Gas stay reinforcement
Gas Stay is a device used for supporting the back door in its open position. Gas stay requires no manpower and is engaged into support position automatically as the back door opens. One end of the Gas Stay is fixed on the backdoor and the other end on the Body Side or on the Back door stationary area. Embossing is provided at the Gas Stay mounting area to compensate for weakness and improve strength
Wiper motor reinforcement
Wiper motor reinforcement is created to mount the wiper motor assembly.
Latch and Striker reinforcement
The Latch & Striker forms the locking mechanism of the backdoor with the car. Due to regular opening, closing, and over slamming of the backdoor, there is stress developed in the Latch and Striker area. To compensate for the same, reinforcements are added in this area.
Draft analysis
Conclusion
The design for the BIW fixtures for the backdoor of a car has been developed utilizing Catia V5.