Creation of geometries by Coordinate system methods using AutoCad

AIM: To create the given geometries and trusses in AutoCAD, using the different coordinate system methods and the line and circle drawing tools.

Geometries P-1 and P-2 are drawn using all coordinate systems, and each of the remaining geometries is drawn using any one of the coordinate systems or the direct distance entry method.

INTRODUCTION:

Coordinate Systems: Coordinate system is a system where numbers are used to determine the unique position of points and other geometric elements.

The various coordinate systems are:

1. Absolute Coordinate System: In this system, all points are established at some distance in the x & y-axis (sometimes z-axis) from a common origin (usually 0,0).
2. Relative Coordinate System: The location of a Relative coordinate is defined by its distance from a reference point. In AutoCAD. when using this system the first point of the drawing is always absolute i.e., it is established with respect to the origin (0,0) and then all the successive positions are established with respect to their preceding point. This system is further classified as

• Relative rectangular coordinates: It is a coordinate system that specifies each point by a pair of numerical coordinates in the x-axis and y-axis. In this system, the points succeeding the first point are typed in as (x,y) in the command line.
• Relative polar coordinates: This system specifies the distance and angle of a particular point with respect to its previous point.

In the Relative polar coordinate system, points are established by typing @distance<angle [Space] in the command line.

3. Direct distance entry method: It is another popular method used for drawing different geometries in AutoCAD. The direct distance entry method enables the user to draw an object by simply pointing the cursor in the desired direction and entering the required distance in the command line.

PROCEDURE:

Starting AutoCAD software:

• Go to START MENU, select AutoCAD 2021.
• Click on START DRAWING
• In the Command line type in: STARTUP [SPACE]
• Enter new value of startup: 1
• Go to Application Menu and select New
• In the Create New Drawing dialog box, we select the Imperial system in the Start from Scratch option.
• Next, we select the 'Decimal' unit system from the Advanced Setup option.

The above procedure is followed whenever a new AutoCAD drawing is drafted.

Drafting the geometry given in P1:

A) Drafting using the absolute coordinate system:

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 8,1 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 8,2 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 3,2 in the command line.
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 3,6 in the command line.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 8,6 in the command line.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 8,7 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 2,7 in the command line.
10. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result: The given geometry P1 was drafted using AutoCAD by the absolute coordinate system.

B. Using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @6,0 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,1 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @-5,0 in the command line.
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,4 in the command line.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @5,0 in the command line.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,1 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @-6,0 in the command line.
10. Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @0,-6 in the command line.

Result: The given geometry P1 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Rectangular coordinate system.

C. Using Relative Polar coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @6<0 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @1<90 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @5<180 in the command line.
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<90 in the command line.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @5<0 in the command line.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @1<90 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @6<180 in the command line.
10. Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @6<270 in the command line.

Result: The given geometry P1 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Relative Polar coordinate system.

D. Using the Direct Distance Entry method

1. Select the Line tool by entering the ‘LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
3. Enter the length of point 2 as 6 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
4. Enter the length of point 3 as 1 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
5. Enter the length of point 4 as 5 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis.
6. Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
7. Enter the length of point 6 as 5 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
8. Enter the length of point 7 as 1 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
9. Enter the length of point 8 as 6 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis.
10. Enter the length of point 9 as 6 in the command line towards the -ve y-axis.

Result: The given geometry P1 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Direct Distance Entry method.

Drafting The Geometry Given in P2:

A. Using the Absolute coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 5,1 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 5,5 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 6,5 in the command line.
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 6,1 in the command line.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 9,1 in the command line.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 7,8 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 4,8 in the command line.
10. Click 'Close on the command line.

Result: The given geometry P2 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Absolute coordinate system method.

B. Using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @3,0 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,4 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @1,0 in the command line.
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,-4 in the command line.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @3,0 in the command line.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @-2,7 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @-3,0 in the command line.
10. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result: The given geometry P2 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Relative Rectangular coordinate system method.

C. Using Relative Polar coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @3<0 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @4<90 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @1<0 in the command line.
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<270 in the command line.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @3<0 in the command line.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @7<106 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @3<180 in the command line.
10. Click Close on the command line.

Result: The given geometry P2 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Relative Polar coordinate system method.

D. Using the Direct Distance Entry method

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
3. Enter the length of point 2 as 3 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
4. Enter the length of point 3 as 4 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
5. Enter the length of point 4 as 1 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
6. Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards the -ve y-axis.
7. Enter the length of point 6 as 3 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
8. Enter the length of point 7 as 7 in the command line at an angle of <106 from +ve x-direction while keeping polar tracking on.
9. Enter the length of point 8 as 3 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis.
10. Click 'Close' on the command line

Result: The given geometry P2 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Direct Distance Entry method.

Drafting the Geometry given in P4

1. Steps for creating the geometry in P-4 using Absolute coordinate system
2. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
3. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 3,1 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 3,5 in the command line.
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 5,3 in the command line.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 7,5 in the command line.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 7,1 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 8,1 in the command line.
10. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 8,8 in the command line.
11. Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as 7,8 in the command line.
12. Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as 5,5 in the command line.
13. Specify the next coordinate of point 11 as 3,8 in the command line.
14. Specify the next coordinate of point 12 as 2,8 in the command line.
15. Click 'Close on the command line.

Result: The given geometry P4 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Absolute coordinate system method.

Drafting the Geometry given in P5

Steps for creating the geometry in P-5 using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as @2,1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @1,0 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,7 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @5,0 in the command line.
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,-6 in the command line.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @-3,0 in the command line.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,-1 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @4,0 in the command line.
10. Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @0,8 in the command line.
11. Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @-7,0 in the command line.
12. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result: The given geometry P5 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Relative Rectangular coordinate method.

Drafting the Geometry given in P7

Steps for creating the geometry in P-7 using Absolute coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the start coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 10,1 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 10,7 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 2,7 in the command line.
6. Click 'Close' on the command line.
7. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 3,2 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 5,2 in the command line.
10. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 5,5 in the command line.
11. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 3,5 in the command line.
12. Click 'Close' on the command line.
13. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
14. Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as 6,2 in the command line.
15. Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as 8,2 in the command line.
16. Specify the next coordinate of point 11 as 8,5 in the command line.
17. Specify the next coordinate of point 12 as 6,5 in the command line.
18. Click Close on the command line.

Result: The given geometry P7 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Absolute coordinate method.

Drafting the Geometry given in P8

Steps for creating the geometry in P-8 using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 0,0 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @10,0 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,2 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @-4,0 in the command line.
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,4 in the command line.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @3,0 in the command line.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,2 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 8ase @8,0in the command line.
10. Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @0,-2 in the command line.
11. Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @3,0 in the command line.
12. Specify the next coordinate of point 11 as @0,-4 in the command line.
13. Specify the next coordinate of point 12ase @-4,0 in the command line.
14. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result: The given geometry P8 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Relative Rectangular coordinate method.

Drafting the Geometry given in P9

Steps for creating the geometry in P-9 using Absolute coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1.1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 6.1 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 6.3 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 3,3 in the command line.
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 3.2 in the command line.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 2.2 in the command line.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 2,4 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 5,4 in the command line.
10. Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as 5,6 in the command line.
11. Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as 1,8 in the command line.
12. Click Close' on the command line.

Result: The given geometry P9 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Absolute coordinate method.

Drafting the Geometry given in P10

Steps for creating the geometry in P-10 using Relative Polar coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1,1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @2<0 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @3<90 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @3<0 in the command line.
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<90 in the command line.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @5<180 in the command line.
8. Click 'Close' on the command line.
9. Select the Line tool by entering 'The LINE command in the command tab.
10. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 5,2 in the command line.
11. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @3<0 in the command line.
12. Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @2<90 in the command line.
13. Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @3<180 in the command line.
14. Click "Close' on the command line.

Result: The given geometry P10 was drafted using AutoCAD by the Relative Polar coordinate method.

Drafting the Wood Profile as Shown in Figure:

Steps for creating the Wood Profile Using Direct Distance Entry method

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 0,0 in the command line.
3. Enter the length of point 2 as 10 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
4. Enter the length of point 3 as 1 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
5. Enter the length of point 4 as 2 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis.
6. Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
7. Enter the length of point 6 as 2 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
8. Enter the length of point 7 as 1 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis.
9. Enter the length of point 8 as 5.831 in the command line at an angle of <149.036 from +ve x-direction while keeping polar tracking on.
10. Enter the length of point 8 as 5.831 in the command line at an angle of <210.964 from +ve x-direction while keeping polar tracking on.
11. Enter the length of point 9 as 2 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
12. Enter the length of point 10 as 5 in the command line towards the -ve y-axis.
13. Enter the length of point 11 as 2 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
14. Click Close on the command line.
15. Select the Circle tool by entering the 'CIRCLE' command in the command tab.
16. Specify the center point of the circle as 5,4.
17. Specify the radius of the circle as 2

Result: The given Wood Profile was drafted using AutoCAD by the Direct Distance Entry method.

Drafting the Queen Post Truss as Shown in Figure:

Steps for creating the Queen Post Truss Using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1,1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @0,4 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @3.536,3.536 in the command line.
5. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @3.536,-3.536 in the command
6. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,-4 in the command line. line.
7. Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
8. Select the Line tool again by entering The LINE command in the command tab.
9. Join the points 2 and 4.
10. Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
11. Select the Line tool again by entering The LINE command in the command tab.
12. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 4.536,5 in the command line.
13. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @-2.536,1 in the command line.
14. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @0,-1 in the command line.
15. Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
16. Select the Line tool again by entering the 'LINE' command in the command tab.
17. Specify the coordinate of point 6 as @4.536,5 in the command line.
18. Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @2.536,1 in the command line.
19. Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @0,-1 in the command line.
20. Press Esc to cancel the LINE command.
21. Select the Line tool again by entering the LINE command in the command tab.
22. Join points 3 and 6
23. Press Esc to cancel the LINE command.

Result: The given Queen Post Truss was drafted using AutoCAD by the Relative Rectangular coordinate system method.

Drafting the Mono Pitch as Shown in Figure:

Steps for creating the Mono Pitch using Absolute coordinate system

1. Select the Line tool by entering the LINE command in the command tab.
2. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1,1 in the command line.
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 7,1 in the command line.
4. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 7,3 in the command line.
5. Click 'Close' on the command line.
6. Select the Line tool by entering the LINE command in the command tab.
7. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 3,1 in the command line.
8. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 3,1.667 in the command line.
9. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 5,1 in the command line.
10. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 5,2.333 in the command line.
11. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 7,1 in the command line.
12. Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.

Result: The given Mono Pitch was drafted using AutoCAD by the Absolute coordinate system method.