Creating 3D Isometric view of various structural elements in AutoCAD

CREATING 3D ISOMETRIC VIEW OF VARIOUS STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN AUTOCAD

Q1. Create a 3D isometric view of the building with plan and elevation given

AIM:

To create a 3D isometric view of the given building with plan and elevation

INTRODUCTION:

• An isometric drawing is a 3D representation of an object, room, building or design on a 2D surface
• One of the defining characteristics of an isometric drawing, compared to other types of 3D representation, is that the final image is not distorted
• This is due to the fact that the foreshortening of the axes is equal
• In an isometric drawing, the object appears as if it is being viewed from above from one corner, with the axes being set out from this corner point
• Isometric drawings begin with one vertical line along which two points are defined
• Any lines set out from these points should be constructed at an angle of 30 degrees

COMMAND USED:

• Line command
• Rectangle command
• UCS command
• Dimlinear command
• Region command
• Extrude command
• Subtract command
• Box command
• Units command
• Dimstyle command
• 3Dface command
• 3Dorbit command
• Hide command
• Explode command
• Move command
• Copy command
• Dist command
• Solideedit command
• Union command
• Boundary command
• 3Dmirror command
• 3Drotate command
• Erase command
• Plan command

PROCEDURE:

OPEN AUTOCAD

In start-up settings start from scratch select imperial (feet and inches)

OPEN GRID AND SNAP SETTING

• Change snap and grid spacing to 1’
• Change major line every grid line to 10
• Turnoff adaptive grid

Type ‘UN’ in command box and press enter

Change units’ type to decimal and precision to 1’-1/16” and insertion scale to inches

Change the workspace setting of AutoCAD from ‘drafting and annotation’ to ‘3D modelling’

STEP 1: CREATING LAYER

Open layer properties and create new layer by clicking on new layer or right click on any layer and select new layer to create new layer

STEP 2: CREATING LAYERS

Change the current layer to 3D_wall

• Create a rectangle of dimensions 10’-9” x 10’-9” at any point on the screen
• Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 9” as wall thickness
• Delete the left and bottom lines and extend them to the edges

Change the current layer to 3D_window_frame

• Draw the window with dimensions 3’-2” at top and 3’ on right side

STEP 3: CREATING 3D VIEW

Change the view to 3D by clicking on home button of view cube

Set UCS as world

• Create the boundaries for the walls using ‘BO’ command
• Extrude the boundaries created to total height of 10’-10”
• Select all the wall and use group command to group them together
• Draw rectangle at both windows and change them to boundaries using boundary command
• Extrude both rectangles drawn to height of 3’-4”
• Draw rectangles at top of both window openings and change them to boundaries using boundary command

Type UCS and click on face and select the face having 3’ wide window

• Draw a rectangle from bottom part of window with dimensions @3’,4’

Type UCS and click on face and select the face having 3’-2” wide window

• Draw a rectangle from bottom part of window with dimensions @3’-2”,4’

Change the UCS back to world

• Extrude the rectangle drawn at top side to top edge of window
• Group all the wall components together

STEP 4: CREATING ELEVATION WINDOWS

WINDOW AT ELEVATION A:

Change the current layers to 3D_window_frame

Type UCS and click on face and select the face having 3’ wide window

• Draw a rectangle of dimension @3’,4’
• Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 3”
• Offset the offset rectangle to inside to distance of 4”

Start the boundary command and click on pick points

• Click inside the window frame area and press enter

Start SUBTRACT command

• Select the bigger region and then select the smaller regions to subtract them

Follow the same procedure for all the three boxes

Change the current layer to 3D_window_mulion

Start the boundary command a click on pick points

• Click inside the window mullion area and press enter

Start SUBTRACT command

• Select the bigger region and then select the smaller glass region to subtract

Change the current layer to 3D_window_glass

Start the boundary command and click on pick points

• Click inside the window glass area and press enter

All the layers are extruded to give window projection look

WINDOW AT ELEVATION B:

Type UCS and click on face and select the face having 3-2”’ wide window

• Draw a rectangle of dimension @3’-2”,4’
• Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 3”
• Offset the offset rectangle to inside to distance of 4”

Change the layer for all the boxes respectively

Start the boundary command a click on pick points

• Click inside the window mullion area and press enter

Start SUBTRACT command

• Select the bigger region and then select the smaller regions to subtract them

Change the current layer to 3D_window_mulion

Start the boundary command a click on pick points

• Click inside the window mullion area and press enter

Start SUBTRACT command

• Select the bigger region and then select the smaller glass region to subtract

Change the current layer to 3D_window_glass

Start the boundary command and click on pick points

• Click inside the window glass area and press enter

All the layers are extruded to give window projection look

STEP 5: CRAETING VIEWS

Click on home button of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 1
• Click on current view and press ok

Click on the NE isometric view of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 2
• Click on current view and press ok

Click on the top view of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 3
• Click on current view and press ok

RESULT:

Initially all the layers necessary are created with respective line types and line weights. Then plan view is drawn in step 2. Then from step 3 the 3D view is created with respective layers assigned. The UCS view is changed accordingly to make changes to the 3D view and 3D dimensions. Boundary command is used for creating regions along the boundaries and extruding them. After the view are created regions along the boundaries and extruding them. After this view are created for showing result. The result consists of different views of the 3D model such as top view (view 3), SW isometric view (view 1), NE isometric (view 2), windows

• All dimensions are in feet and inches
• Text and dimensions are added with respective layers

Q2. Create the 3D view of the building façade as given in the plan and elevation. Also, see the detail of the window

AIM:

To draw the 3D building façade as given in the plan and elevation

INTRODUCTION:

A plan view of wall and two elevation views, one is of a window detail and second is of floor level elevations are given and they are to be converted into a 3D model. One window opening on front side is given with details regarding the frame dimensions, two mullion dimensions. The height of floor is given as 9’-11”. Four floor building with similar dimension is made in 3D view. Height of window from the floor level of each floor is given as 4’-6”

PROCEDURE:

OPEN AUTOCAD

In start-up settings start from scratch select imperial (feet and inches)

OPEN GRID AND SNAP SETTING

• Change snap and grid spacing to 1’
• Change major line every grid line to 10
• Turnoff adaptive grid

Type ‘UN’ in command box and press enter

Change units’ type to decimal and precision to 1’-1/16” and insertion scale to inches

Change the workspace setting of AutoCAD from ‘drafting and annotation’ to ‘3D modelling’

STEP 1: CREATING LAYER

Open layer properties and create new layer by clicking on new layer or right click on any layer and select new layer to create new layer

STEP 2: CREATING 2D PLAN VIEW:

• Create a rectangle of dimensions 6’-9” x 10’-9” at any point on the screen
• Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 9” as wall thickness
• Explode the rectangles drawn
• Delete the top line and extend them to the edges

Change the current layer 3D_window _frame

• Create the window opening of dimensions 3’ wide
• Add dimensions are drawn using dimension layer

STEP 3: CREATING 3D VIEW

Change the view to 3D by clicking on home button of view cube

Set UCS as world

Set the view style control as REALISTIC

• Create the boundaries for all walls using ‘BO’ command
• Extrude the boundaries created to total height of 10’10”
• Select all the wall and use group command to group them together
• Delete the window lines
• Create a boundary region over the window lines
• Extrude the boundary to a height of 4’-6”
• Draw a rectangle on top of the window opening using rectangle command
• Change rectangle into a region
• Extrude the region to distance of 1’-3” to below and then window opening is created

STEP 4: CREATING ELEVATION WINDOW

4’ WIDE WINDOW

Change the current layer to 3D_window_frame

Type UCS and click on face and select the face having 3’ wide window

• Draw a rectangle of dimension 23’,4’
• Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 2”
• Offset the offset rectangle to inside to distance of 3”
• Draw centre line connecting midpoints
• Offset the lines to both sides to a distance of 3”
• Trim all the unnecessary edges

Start the boundary command and click on pick points

• Click inside the window frame area and press enter

Start SUBTRACT command

• Select the bigger region and then select the smaller regions to subtract them

Change the current layer to 3D_window_mulion

Start the boundary command and click on pick points

• Click inside the window mullion area and press enter

Start SUBTRACT command

• Select the bigger region and then smaller glass region to subtract it

Change the current layer to 3D_window_glass

Start the boundary command and click on pick points

• Click inside the window glass area and press enter

All the layers are extruded to give window projection

STEP 5: CREATING ELEVATION VIEW

The windows created in step 4 are placed at its positions

• Group all the items to create the elevation view
• Copy the block having 4’ height window and place it 3 times
• Create the top part of the drawing using 4” wall with height 6’-5” from top
• Create a boundary for the wall
• Extrude the boundary to 9”

STEP 6: CREATING VIEWS

Click on home button of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 1
• Click on current view and press ok

Click on the front view of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 2
• Click on current view and press ok

Click on the top view of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 3
• Click on current view and press ok

RESULT:

Initially all the layers necessary are created with respective line types and line weights. Then plan view is drawn in step 2. Then from step 3 the 3D view is created with respective layers assigned. The UCS view is changed accordingly to make changes to the 3D view and 3D dimensions. Boundary command is used for creating regions along the boundaries and extruding them. After the view are created regions along the boundaries and extruding them. After this view are created for showing result. The result consists of different views of the 3D model such as top view (view 3), SW isometric view (view 1), NE isometric (view 2), windows

• All dimensions are in feet and inches
• Text and dimensions are added with respective layers

Q3. Create the isometric 3D view of a stair with railing as shown in the plan and elevation. Assume the size of the balustrades and the hand rails

AIM:

To draw the 3D view of a stair with railing as shown in the plan and elevation

INTRODUCTION:

A plan view and elevation view of stairs case are given and they are to be converted into a 3D model. Plan view consists of number of stairs in the staircase and their horizontal dimensions of staircase. Elevation view consists of staircase side view and vertical dimensions of staircase and staircase components such height of hand rails and their spacing in the landing. Thickness of stair slab is given as the box. Some other components of the stair are told to be assumed. the assume dimensions are as follows

• Dimension of vertical rails is 1” diameter
• Dimensions of hand rails is 2” diameter

PROCEDURE:

OPEN AUTOCAD

In start-up settings start from scratch select imperial (feet and inches)

OPEN GRID AND SNAP SETTING

• Change snap and grid spacing to 1’
• Change major line every grid line to 10
• Turnoff adaptive grid

Type ‘UN’ in command box and press enter

Change units’ type to decimal and precision to 1’-1/16” and insertion scale to inches

Change the workspace setting of AutoCAD from ‘drafting and annotation’ to ‘3D modelling’

STEP 1: CREATING LAYER

Open layer properties and create new layer by clicking on new layer or right click on any layer and select new layer to create new layer

STEP 2: CREATING 2D PLAN VIEW OF STAIRCASE:

Change the current layer to stairs

• Create a rectangle of dimensions 3’ x 12’
• Explode the rectangle
• Offset the side edges to inside to a distance of 1”
• Offset the bottom edge to upside 12 times to a distance of 1’

STEP 3: CREATING SIDE VIEW

Change the view to 3D by clicking on home button of view cube and chance the view to right view

Set UCS as right

• Start line command and draw a vertical line of length 6”
• Draw a horizontal line of length 1’
• Repeat the same process for 12 times to draw 12 steps
• After reaching 12 steps draw a landing of length of 3’
• Draw a line 1’ at the bottom step
• Draw a line of 6” at the top right edge of landing
• Draw a line of 1’-6” backwards
• Draw a slab joining the lines

STEP 4: CREATING 3D VIEW

Change the view to 3D by clicking on home button of view cube

Set UCS as world

Set the view style control as REALISTIC

• Create a region from the side view of the stairs
• Extrude the side view to a distance of 3’

HAND RAILS

Change the current layer to stair_handrails

• Draw a circle of diameter 1” with 2” offset from the top right edges of the first thread of staircase
• Change the circle into a region
• Extrude the region to a height of 3’

Change the current layer to stair_handrails_stand

• Draw a handrail stand at the bottom with dimension 2” and extrude
• Using copy command copy all the handrail components on all stairs with same offset
• Copy the same to the outer side

Change the current layer to stair_handrails

• Draw a polyline connecting all the top edges of handrails
• Change the UCS to front
• Draw a circle of diameter 2” on top of the first-hand rail
• Create a region of the circle drawn

Start sweep command

• Select the circle as object to sweep
• Select the polyline drawn as path of sweep
• Copy the same to the other side

STEP 5: CREATING VIEW

Click on the top view of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 1
• Click on current view and press ok

Click on the right view of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 2
• Click on current view and press ok

Click on home button of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 3
• Click on current view and press ok

Click on the front view of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvilise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 4
• Click on current view and press ok

RESULT:

Initially all the layers necessary are created with respective line types and line weights. Then plan view is drawn in step 2 and 3 respectively. Then from step 4 the 3D view is created with respective layers assigned. The UCS view is changed accordingly to make changes to the 3D view and 3D dimensions. Boundary command is used for creating regions along the boundaries and extruding them. After the view are created regions along the boundaries and extruding them. After this view are created for showing result. The result consists of different views of the 3D model such as top view (view 1), SW isometric view (view 3), side view (view 2), front view (view 4)

• All dimensions are in feet and inches
• Text and dimensions are added with respective layers

Q4. Create the 3D view of a wall with spread footing. Create the door opening only. Assume the size of the parapet and the coping. See the plans and elevation for the details. Also, create a rendered view of the model with materials as of your choice

AIM:

To draw the 3D view of a wall with spread footing as shown in the plan and elevation

INTRODUCTION:

A plan view and elevation view of a wall with spread footing under it are given and they are to be converted into a 3D model. Spread rooting is a type of footing which goes all along the length of the wall in a building. It is used as shallow footing type. Plan view consists of horizontal dimensions of footing and the wall. Elevation view consists of vertical dimensions of different levels of footing, height of 230 mm thickness wall. Same other components of the footing are told to be assumed. The assume dimensions are as follows

• Thickness of wall is assumed as 230 mm
• Thickness of level 1 of footing is same as wall thickness i.e., 230 mm
• Coping thickness of level 2 is offset of 50 mm than the thickness of wall
• Thickness of level 3 is offset of 50 mm than the thickness of level 2
• Thickness of level 4 is offset of 120 mm than the thickness of level 3

PROCEDURE:

OPEN AUTOCAD

In start-up settings start from scratch select metric (meters and mm)

OPEN GRID AND SNAP SETTING

• Change snap and grid spacing to 100
• Change major line every grid line to 10
• Turnoff adaptive grid

Type ‘UN’ in command box and press enter

Change units’ type to decimal and precision to 0.00 and insertion scale to inches

Change the workspace setting of AutoCAD from ‘drafting and annotation’ to ‘3D modelling’

STEP 1: CREATING LAYER

Open layer properties and create new layer by clicking on new layer or right click on any layer and select new layer to create new layer

STEP 2: CREATING 2D PLAN VIEW OF WALL WITH SPREAD FOOTING

Change the current layer to wall

• Draw a rectangle of dimensions 670 x 7500
• Offset the rectangle to inside to a distance of 120 mm
• Offset the offset rectangle inside to distance of 50 mm twice
• Explode all the offset rectangle
• Delete the top and bottom edges of the exploded rectangle
• Extend all the rectangle to top and bottom edges of outer rectangle
• At the end section the individual lines and change their layers respectively

CREATING DOOR BLOCK:

• Draw a rectangle of dimension 50 x 100 mm
• Draw another rectangle with dimensions of 50 x 50 mm
• Draw a line of length 850 mm from the edge
• Draw an arc line of the door swing
• Convert the door into block
• Edit the block and add flip parameters
• Create the door opening of 900 mm at the middle
• Add the door block by rotating the door
• Add the door shade using respective layer

STEP 3: CREATING ELEVATION VIEW

Click on the front view of the view cube and zoom for better view

Change the UCS to front

Change the current layer to GL

• Draw a line of central length
• Offset the line to bottom 25 mm
• Offset the last offset line bottom to distance of 100 mm

Change the current layer to wall

• Draw a rectangle of dimension 230 x 3300 from the top left edge of ground level

Change the current layer to roof level

• Draw roof of thickness 150 mm
• Draw a parapet wall of height 600 mm

FOOTING LAYERS

• Draw a rectangle of dimension 230 x 600, below the floor level
• Draw a rectangle of dimension 330 x 400, below the first level
• Draw a rectangle of dimension 430 x 400, below the second level

Change the current layer to footing

• Draw a rectangle of dimension 670 x 300, below the third level

Trim the unnecessary edges

Door

Change the current layer to door

• Draw a line along the length of the door of 230 mm at the ground level
• Offset the line to below to distance of 50 mm below the ground level
• Offset the line to distance of 2100 to above

Change the current layer to door_shade

• Draw the door shade

STEP 4: DRAWING 3D VIEW OF SECTION

• For creating the 3D view initially boundaries are created
• Each boundary is created with its respective layer as current layer

EXTRUDING:

• The created boundaries are to be extruded to a distance of 7500 mm
• Select the boundaries by changing their respective current layer
• Door opening is added by drawing a rectangle at the door location from the plan view
• Then from the extruded part the door region is subtracted from the wall using subtract command
• Similarly door shade is created with the opening above
• After door shade remaining layer is extruded

STEP 5: RENDERING

Rendering is done by adding materials the 3D view

• Material browser is used for adding materials to objects
• The materials added for the components from the material browser
• Box mapping is done to adjust the texture of the wall

LIGHTS

• Torch light is placed infront of the door at central distance with fall of angle as 50 and hotspot angle as 80

STEP 7: CREATING VIEW

Click on the top view of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 1
• Click on current view and press ok

Click on the front view of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 2
• Click on current view and press ok

Click on home button of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvillise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 3
• Click on current view and press ok

Click on the home button of the view cube and zoom for better view

Go to visuvilise tab and click on new view

• Set view name as view 4
• Click on current view and press ok

Go to visuvilise and click on add camera

• Create a circle at required distance and turn it into a region
• Extrude the region to a height of 1800 mm
• Click on add camera
• Set name as cam 1
• Set intensity as 1500
• Set target such that entire wall section is visible

RESULT:

Initially all the layers necessary are created with respective line types and line weights. Then plan view is drawn in step 2 and 3 respectively. Then from step 4 the 3D view is created with respective layers assigned. The UCS view is changed accordingly to make changes to the 3D view and 3D dimensions. Boundary command is used for creating regions along the boundaries and extruding them. After extrusion and door area subtraction is completed, door is added and extruded. After 3D view completion material browser is used to add materias to the components. The rendering is checked with various materials for better view. Final rendering is done in step 6 including the creatin of lights. Box mapping is used to adjust the tiles and texture of render. After this view are created for showing result. The result consists of different views of the 3D model such as top view (view 1), SW isometric view (view 3), side view (view 2), cam1 view (front door view)

• All dimensions are in mm
• Text and dimensions are added with respective layers