Creating 3D Isometric view of various structural elements in AutoCAD

QUESTION-1:

Create a 3D isometric View of the building with plan and elevatio given.

ANSWER:

AIM: To create a 3D isometric view of the given building with plan and elevation.

INTRODUCTION:

• An isometric drawing is a 3D representation of an object,room building or design on a 2d surface.
• One of the defining characteristics of an isometric drawing compared to other types of 3d representation is that the final image is not distorted.
• This is due to the fact that the foreshortening of the axes is equal.
• In an isometric drawing the object appears as if it is being viewd from abve from one corner with the axes being set out from this corner point.
• Isometric drawings begain with one vertical line along which two points are defined.
• Any lines set out from these points should be constructed at an angle of 30 degrees.

COMMANDS USED:

1. Line.
2. Rectangle.
3. UCS
4. Dimlinear.
5. Region
6. Extrude.
7. Box
8. Subtract.
9. Units
10. Dimstyle.
11. 3D face command.
12. 3D orbit command.
13. Hide command
14. Expolde 
15. Move command.
16. Copy command.
17. Dist command.
18. Solidedit coomand.
19. Union command.
20. Boundary command.
21. 3D miror command.
22. 3D rotate command.
23. Erase command.
24. Plan command.

PROCEDURE:

STEP-1: Creating Layers

1. Open Layer properties and crete new layers by clickingon new layer or right click on any layer and select new layer to create new layer.
2. Layers are created as follows.

STEP-2: Creating plan layers.

1. Change the current layer to 3d wall
2. Create a rectangle of dimensions 10'9"*10'9" at any point on the screen.
3. Offset the rectangle to inside to distnace of 9" and as wall thickness.
4. Delet the left and bottom lines ane extend them to the edges as shown in figure.

1. Change the current layer to 3D window frame.
2. Draw the window witn dimensions 3'2" at top and 3' on right side shown in figure.

STEP-3: Creating 3D View.

1. Change the view to 3d by clicking on home buttion of view cube.
2. Set UCS as world.
3. Create the boundaries for the walls using 'BO' command.
4. Extrude the bounderies creted to total height of 10'10".
5. Select all the wall and use group command to group then together.

STEP-3(a): 

1. Draw rectangle at both windows and change them to bounderies using boundary command.
2. Extrude both rectangles drawn to height of 3'4" as shown in the figure.
3. Draw rectangles at top of both window openings and change them to boundaries using boundary command.

STEP-4: Creating Elevation Windows.

WINDOW AT ElEVATION A.

A)Change the current layer to 3d window frame.

1. Type ucs and click on face and select the face having 3' wide window.
2. Draw a recatngle of dimension @3'4'.
3. Offset the recatngle to inside to distnace of 3"
4. Offset the offset recatngle to inside to distance of 4"
5. Start the boundary command and click on pick points 
6. Click inside the window frame area and press enter.

B) Change the current layer to 3D window mulion

1. Start the boundary command and click on pick points.
2. Click inside the window mulion area and press enter.

C) Change the current layer to 3d window glass.

1. Start the bounadry command and click on pick points.
2. Click inside the window glass area and press enter.

• All the layers are extrude to give window projection look as shown in figure.

WINDOW AT ELEVATION  B.

1. Type UCS and click on face and select the face having 3'2" wide window.
2. Draw a reactngle of dimesion @3'2",4'.
3. Offset the  rectangle to inside to distance of 3".
4. Offset the offset recatngle to inside to distance of 4"
5. Start the boundary command and click on pick points 
6. Click inside the window frame area and press enter.

   B) Change the current layer to 3D window mulion

1. Start the boundary command and click on pick points.
2. Click inside the window mulion area and press enter.

C) Change the current layer to 3d window glass.

1. Start the bounadry command and click on pick points.
2. Click inside the window glass area and press enter.

•  All the layers are extrude to give window projection look as shown in fig.

STEP-5: Creating Views.

1. Click on home buttion of the view cube and zoom for better view.
2. Go to visuvilise tab and click on new view 
3. Set view name as view1
4. Click on current l view and press ok.

1. Click on the NE ISOMETRIC view of the view cube and zoom for better view.
2. Go to visuvilise tab and click on new view
3. Set view name as view2
4. Click on cuurent view and press ok.

RESULT:

• Initially all the layers necessary are created with respective line types and line weights.
• Then plan view is drawn as shown in step2 then from the step-3 the 3d view is created with respective layers assigned.
• The UCS view is changed sccordingly to make changes to the 3d view and 3d dimensions..
• Boundary command is used for creteing aling the bounderoes and extruding the after the view are created for  showing result.
• The result consist of different views of the 3D modek such as sw isometric view,NE isometric view right side view  Windows.
• All  dimensions are in Feet and inches.
• Text and dimensions are added with respective layers.

SW ISOMETRIC VIEW

NE ISOMETRIC VIEW

WINDOW AT ELEVATION

 RIGHT SIDE VIEW

QUESTION-2: 

Create the 3D view of the building Fceade as given in the plan and elevation also see the details of the plan and window.

ANSWER:

AIM: To draw the 3d building Facade as given in the plan and elevation.

INTRODUCTION:

• A plan view of wall and two elevation views one is of a window details and second is of floorlevell elevation are given and they are to be converted into a 3D model
• One window opening on front side is given with detials regarding the frame dimensions two mullion dimensions.
• The height of floor is given as 9'11" four floor building with similar dimension is made in 3d view.
• Height of window from the floor level of each floor is gien as 4'6".

PROCEDURE:

• OPEN AUTOCAD
• In startup settings start from scrach select imperical ( feet and inches).
• Change snap and grid spacing to 1'
• Change majior line every grid line to 10.
• Turan off adaptive grid.
• Type un in command box and press enter.
• change units type to ENGINEERING and precision to 0'-0.0" and insertion scale to inches.
• change the workspace setting autocad from drafting and annotation to 3d modeling.

STEP-1: Creating lyers

1. Open Layers propertites and crete new layers by clicking on new layer or right click on any layer and select new layr to crete new layer.
2. Layer are created as follows.

STEP-2: Creating 2D Plan view.

1. Create a recatngle of dimensions 6'9"*10'9" at any point on the screen.
2. Offset the recatngle to inside to distance of 9" as wall thickness.
3. Explode the rectangles drawn
4. Delet the top line and extend them to the edges.

STEP-2(a)-

1. Change the current layer 3D Window frame
2. Create the window opening of dimensions 3' wide as shown in figure.
3. Add dimensions are drawn using dimension layer.

STEP-3: Creating 3D view

1. Change the view to 3d by clicking on home button of view cube.
2. Set UCS as world
3. Set the view style control as REALISTIC.
4. Create the boundaries for the walls using "BO' command 
5. Extrude the boundaries  cretaed to total height of 10'10"
6. Select all the wall and use group command to group then together.
7. Delete the window lines.

1. Create a boundry region over the window lines.
2. Extrude the boundary to a height of 4'6".
3. Draw a rectangle on top of the window opening using rectangle command.
4. Chanhe the rectangle into a region.
5. Extrude the region to distance of 1'3" to below and then window openin is creted as shown in figure.

STEP-4 : Creating Elevation Windows

4' WIDE WINDOW.

1. Change the current layer to 3D window frame.
2. Type UCS and click on face and select the face having 3' wide window.
3. Draw a recatngle of dimension @3'4'
4. Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 2"
5. Offset the offset recatngle to inside to distance of 3"
6. Draw center line connecting midpoints
7. Offset the lines to both sides to a diatnce of 3"
8. Trim all the unnecessary edges.

1. Start the boundary command and click on pick points.
2. Click inside the window frame area and press  enter.
3. Start SUBTRACT command.
4. Slect the bigger region and then select the smaller regions to subtract them.

1. Change the current layr to 3D window Mulion.
2. Start the boundary command and click on pick points.
3. Click inside the window mulion area and press enter.
4. Start SUBTRACT command.
5. Select the bigger region and then select the smaller glass region to subtract it.

1. Change the current layer to 3d window glass
2. Start the boundary command and click on pick points.
3. Click inside the window glass area and press enter.
4. All the layers are extrude to give windoe projection look as shown in figure.

STEP-5 Creating Elevation View.

1. The window creted in step-4 are placed at its positions.

• Group all the items to crete the elevation view.
• Copy the block having 4' height window and place it 3 times as shown in figure.
• Create the top part of the drawing using 4" wall with height 6'5" from top.

RESULT:

• Intially all the layers neceassary are created with respective line types and line weights.
• Then plan view is drawn as shown in step2 then from the step-3 the 3d view is created with respective layers assigned.
• The UCS view is changed sccordingly to make changes to the 3d view and 3d dimensions..
• Boundary command is used for creteing aling the bounderoes and extruding the after the view are created for  showing result.
• The result consist of different views of the 3D modek such as sw isometric view,NE isometric view right side view  Windows.
• All  dimensions are in Feet and inches.
• Text and dimensions are added with respective layers. 

1. VIEW1 ( SW ISOMETRIC VIEW).

2. VIEW2 ( FRONT VIEW).

3. VIEW3 ( TOP VIEW).

4. VIEW4-RIGHT SIDE VIEW

5. Windows

QUESTION-3: 

Create the isometric 3d view of a stair with railing as shown in the plan and elevation Assume the size of the balustrades aand the hand rails.

ANSWER:

AIM: To draw the 3d view of a stair with railing as shown in the plan and elevation.

INTRODUCTION:

• A plan view and elevation view of stair case are given and they are to be converted into a 3d model.
• Plan  view consists of number of stairs in the staircase and their horizontal dimensions of stair case .
• Elevation view consist of staircase side view and vertical dimensions of staircase and stair case components such height of hand rails and their spacing in the landing.
• Thickness of stiar slab is given as the box some other components of the stiar told to be assumed the assume dimensions are as follows.
• Dimensions of vertical rails is 1" diameter.
• Dimensions of hand rails is 2" diameter.

PROCEDURE:

• OPEN AUTOCAD
• In startup settings start from scrach select imperical (FEET AND INCHES).
• Change snap and grid spacing to 1'
• Change majior line every grid line to 10.
• Turan off adaptive grid.
• Type un in command box and press enter.
• change units type to ENGINEERING and precision to 0'-0.0" and insertion scale to inches.
• change the workspace setting autocad from drafting and annotation to 3d modeling.

STEP-1: Creating lyers

1. Open Layers propertites and crete new layers by clicking on new layer or right click on any layer and select new layr to crete new layer.
2. Layer are created as follows.

 STEP-2: Creating 2D Plan View of staircase.

1. Change the curent layer to stiars.
2. Draw a rectangle of dimensions 3'*12'.
3. Expolde the rectangle.
4. Offset the side edges to inside to a distance of 1"
5. Offset the bottom edge to upside 12 tiimes to a disatnce of 1' as shown in figure.

Step-3: CREATING SIDE VIEW.

1. Change the view 3d by clicking on home button of view cube and change the view to right side view.
2. Set UCS as Right.
3. Start line command and draw a vertical line of length 6"
4. Draw a horizontal line of length 1'
5. Repeat the same process for 12 times to draw 12 steps.
6. After reaching 12 steps draw a landing of length of 3'.

1. Draw a line of 1' at the bootom step.
2. Draw a line of 6" at the top right edge of landing.
3. Draw a line of 1'6" backwards.
4. Draw a slab joining the lines.

STEP-4: CREATING 3D VIEW.

1. Change the view to 3d by clicking on home button of view cube.
2. Set UCS as world.
3. Set the view style control as REalistic.
4. Create a region from the side view of the stairs.
5. Extrude the side to a distance of 3' as shown in figure.

STEP-5: HAND RAILS:

1. Change the current layer to stair handrails.
2. Draw circle of diameter 1" with 2" offset from the top right edges of the first thread of staircase.
3. Change the circle onto a region.
4. Extrude the region to aheight of 3'as shown in figure.
5. Change the current layer to stair handrails stand.
6. Draw a handrail stand at the bottom with diamension 2" and extrude as shown in figure.

1. Using copy command copy all hand rail components on all stairs with same offset as shown in figure.

1. Copy the same to the other side as shown in figure.

1. Change the current layer to stair handrails.
2. Draw a polyline connecting all the top edges of hand rails.
3. Change the UCS to front.
4. Draw a circle of daimeter 2" on top of the first hand rail.
5. Create a region of the circle drawn
6. Start sweep command.
7. Select the circle as object to sweep
8. Select the circle as object to sweep.
9. Select the polyline drawn as path of sweep as shown in figure.
10. Copy the same to the other side.

RESULT: 

• Intially all the layers neceassary are created with respective line types and line weights.
• Then plan view is drawn as shown in step2 then from the step-3 the 3d view is created with respective layers assigned.
• The UCS view is changed sccordingly to make changes to the 3d view and 3d dimensions..
• Boundary command is used for creteing aling the bounderoes and extruding the after the view are created for  showing result.
• The result consist of different views of the 3D modek such as sw isometric view,NE isometric view right side view  Windows.
• All  dimensions are in Feet and inches.
• Text and dimensions are added with respective layers. 

 1- VIEW1( TOP VIEW).

2- VIEW2( RIGHT SIDE VIEW)

3-VIEW3(SW ISOMETRIC VIEW)

4-VIEW4( FRONT VIEW).

QUESTION-4: 

Create the 3d view of a wall with spread footing create the door opening only. Assume the size of the parpet and the details.Also create a renedered view of the model with materials as of your choice.

ANSWER:

AIM: To draw the 3d view of a wall with spread footing as shown in the plan and elevation.

INTRODUCTION:

• A plan view elavtion view of a wall with spread footing under it are given and they are to be converted into a 3d model.
• Spread footing is a typpe of footing which goes all along the length of the wall in a building.
• It Is used as shallow footing type.
• Plan view consists of vertical diamensions of different levels of footing height of 230mm thickness wall.
• Some other components of the footing are told to be assumed. the assume dimensions are as follows.
• Thickness of wall is assumed as 230mm.
• Thickness of level 1 of footing is same as wall thickness i.e 230mm.
• Coping thikness of level 2 is offset of 50mm than the thickness of wall.
• Thickness of level 3 is offset of 50mm than the thickness of level 2
• Thickness of level 4 is offset of 120 mm than the thickness of level 3.

PROCEDURE:

• OPEN AUTOCAD
• In startup settings start from scrach select imperical ( feet and inches).
• Change snap and grid spacing to 1'
• Change majior line every grid line to 10.
• Turan off adaptive grid.
• Type un in command box and press enter.
• change units type to decimal and precision to 0.0and insertion scale to inches.
• change the workspace setting autocad from drafting and annotation to 3d modeling.

STEP-1: Creating lyers

1. Open Layers propertites and crete new layers by clicking on new layer or right click on any layer and select new layr to crete new layer.
2. Layer are created as follows.

 STEP-2: CREATING 2D PLAN VIEW OF WALL WITH SPREAD FOOTING.

1. Change the current layer to wall.
2. Draw a rectangle of dimesions 670* 7500
3. Offset the offset reactngle inside to distance of 50 mm twice.
4. Expolde all the offset reactngle.
5. Delet the top and bottom edges of the exploded reactngles.
6. Extend all the recatngle to top and bottom edges of outer rectangle.
7. AT the end select the nidividual lines and change their layers respectivily

STEP-2: Creating Door Block

1. Draw a reactngle of dimensions 50 *100mm
2. Draw another rectangle with dimensions of 50*50mm
3. Draw a line of length 850mm from the edge.
4. Draw an arc line of the door swing.
5. Convert the door into block
6. EDit the block and add flip parameters.

1. Create the door opening of 900mm at the middle.
2. Add the door block by rotating the door.
3. Add the door shade using respective layer

 STEP-3: Creating Elevation View

1. Click on the front view of the view cube and zoom for better view.
2. Change the UCS to front.
3. Change the current layer to G.L
4. Draw a line of certal length
5. Offset the line to bottom 25mm
6. Offset the line to bottom 265mm
7. Offset the last offset line bottom to diatnce of 100mm
8. Change the current layer to wall
9. Draw a rectangle of dimensions230* 3300 from the top left edge of ground level
10. Change the current layer to roof level.
11. Draw roof of thickness 150mm as shown in figure.
12. Draw a parapet wall of height 600 mm as shown in figure.

STEP-4: FOOTING LAYERS

1. Draw a reactngle of dimension 230* 600mm, below the floor level as shown in figure.
2. Draw a rectangle of dimesion 330*400 below the first level as shown in figure.
3. Draw a recatngle of dimaesion430*400mm below the second level as shown in figure.
4. Change the current layer to footing.
5. Draw a reactngle of dimensions 670* 300mm below the thhird level as shown in figure.
6. Trim the unnecessary edges.

DOOR:-

1. Change the current layer to door.
2. Draw a line along the length of the door of 230mm at the ground level.
3. Offset the line to below the ground level.
4. Offset the line to distance of 2100 to above.
5. Change the cuurent layer to door shade
6. Draw the door shade as shown in figure.
7. The end result of this step is follows.

STEP-4 CREATING 3D VIEW OF SECTION:

1. For creating the 3d view initially boundaries are creted.
2. Each boundary is created with its respectivily layer as current layer as shown in the following figure.

EXTRUDING:

1. The created boundaries are to be extrude to a distance of 7500mm.
2. Select the bounadaries by changing their respective current layer.
3. Door opening is added by drawing a recatngle at the door location from the plan view.
4. Then from the extruded part the door region is subtracted from the wall suing subtract command.
5. Similarly door shade is created with the opening above.
6. After door shade remaning layer is extruded as shown in figure.

RESULT: 

• Intially all the layers neceassary are created with respective line types and line weights.
• Then plan view is drawn as shown in step2 then from the step-3 the 3d view is created with respective layers assigned.
• The UCS view is changed sccordingly to make changes to the 3d view and 3d dimensions..
• Boundary command is used for creteing aling the bounderoes and extruding the after the view are created for  showing result.
• The result consist of different views of the 3D modek such as sw isometric view,NE isometric view right side view  Windows.
• All  dimensions are in Feet and inches.
• Text and dimensions are added with respective layers. 

 1.- VIEW1( SW ISOMETRIC VIEW)

2- VIEW2( RIGHT SIDE VIEW)

3- CAM1 VIEW

RENDERING:

1. Renadering is done by adding materials 3d view.
2. Material Browser is used to insert the materials in drawing.
3. Material libraries is as per following.

RESULTS FOR RENDERING:-

• Results of rendered drawing is as per following.

RIGHT FRONT VIEW:

 2-LEFT-BOTTOM VIEW

FRONT ELEVATION VIEW

SIDE ELEVATION VIEW