Challenge 12

Challenge-12

Ans of question-1

Detail about open foundation-

Open foundation is also known as shallow foundation or spread footing. It is basically provided 3 meter to 4 meter depth bellow the existing ground.

1. i) It is used to give stability to the structure.
2. ii) It transfers loads from pier to ground.

iii) It should be rigid enough to transfer all forces to ground.

1. iv) Every footing takes the concentrated load of the column and spreads it over an outsized area, so that the actual weight on the soil doesn’t exceed the safe bearing capacity of the soil.

OPEN FOUNDATION

1. V) Suitable for bridges of moderate height, to be built on dry ground which is sufficiently firm to support the bridge structure.
2. vi) Best suited in situations where the hard soil is present within 1.5 to 3 meter bellow the bed level of water course and when the scouring is minimum.

Ans of question-2

Detail about the components of the well foundation-

Well foundation is a type of deep foundation, it is provided for structures with foundation beneath rivers or other water bodies. It receives the load of whole structure and transfer it to the ground.

Various components of well foundation are-

1. i) Cutting edge.
2. ii) Well curb

iii) Bottom plug

1. iv) Steining
2. v) Top plug
3. vi) Well cap

Well curb- This transfer loads to ground through cutting edge while sinking.

Steining- it is the walls of well foundation, brick/ stone masonry

PCC or RCC materials are used. The design relies on the unit weight of well and skin friction.

Top plug- Top plug is provided after sand filling, it transfer the load of pier and superstructure to steining . It is constructed generally Using PCC(1:2:4) or (1:3:6).

Well cap- it is constructed as a slab resting on the well. It transfer

Load of the pier to well.