Challenge 1

Ans of question no-1

Metro rail is needed in countries with developing economy because of overcome the problems like congestion and pollution. So that people reached their destination timely.

Conventional rail system	Metro rail system
Don’t have any special track	Special track available for metro rail
Travelling distance covers the city and suburbs	Travelling distance covers within the city
Large no of seats available as compare to metro	Less no of seats available as compare to conventional rail system
Proper drainage system not available	Proper drainage system available

Ans of question no-2

State	City	Operational network (KM)	Under construction (KM)
Uttar Pradesh	Agra	0	11.90
Gujrat	Ahmedabad	6	54.1
Uttar Pradesh	Kanpur	8.73	4.9
Maharashtra	Nagpur	24.39	17.30
Bihar	Patna	0	6.107

Feasibility of Metro rail to own city :-

Feasibility of metro rail in my own city Kolkata is that it provides multiple benefits to the passengers through time savings, accident reduction, less traffic congestion and also savings of fuel. In Kolkata the roads are jam through a large no of traffic, so people cannot reached their destination at time and also the patients who need to admit in hospital due to traffic jam they cannot reached at time. so if those congested area covered by metro then its improve our transportation system .

Ans of question no-3

DMRC is the busiest metro in India because of large distance covered (length of 317KM) With serving of 231 stations , and its operates 2700 trips daily, so that most of people choose the metro except other transportation mode.

Ans of question no-4

The component of metro rail are –

1. Elevated, B. Underground, C. Stations
2. Elevated :- Elevated metro are the metro which constructed above the ground , and it is the best metro component from the Economical point of view. In this case pier are constructed and then pier cap are placed over pire , then U girder/I girder are placed over it through launching gantry.
3. Underground:- Underground metro are constructed bellow the ground, it is chosen when we cannot able to construct the elevated metro due to site condition. Because cost of construction of underground metro is very high.
4. Station:- station is the place from where the people can take entry in the train/ escape from train.

Ans of question no-5

Elevated metro system is preferred .

Elevated metro system is preferred due to more economical and easily constructed. and less challenges faced during construction.

Ans of question no-6

DBR is the report which shows the brief description of the project and the geometrical design features I,e gradient, spacing of track etc, and the different types of structure used in the project. It is prepared by RDSO .

at the first phase of a project DBR is prepared.

Ans of question no-7

Significance of DBR in an elevated metro is to provide details description of the project with guidelines to use various structure,materials etc.

Ans of question no-8

The chronology of activities befour the construction are –

1. Topographical survey
2. Possible changes.
3. Other challenges.
4. Solution for chalanges.

Ans of question no-9

Topographical survey is the survey which find out the possible rout of alignment of metro.

It is necessary for metro rail project because of topographical servey find out the possible rout for metro alignment, due to different kind of structure already constructed in straight alignment so that we find the possible rout through this survey.

Ans of question no-10

The hindrances that could be there whilst planning to connect any two station in a city during metro construction are –

1. construct elevated metro to cross the busy road.
2. Underground utilities like- telephone lines, water lines,power cables,internet cables etc.

Ans of question no-11

Underground utilities which would be there existing under the ground level are-

1. Telephone lines.
2. water lines.
3. power cables.
4. internet cables.
5. underground naala.

Ans of question no-12

Detail about the solutions a designer would be suggesting as the challenges of underground utilities are as follows-

1. change the alignment.
2. change in pile arrangement.
3. utility survey.

Ans of question no-13

Feeding of U girders means to place the U girder above the pier cap.

It is launched during construction through launching gantry.

Ans of question no-14

The advantages of precast girder in an elevated metro are –

1. easily constructed.
2. Better quality control.
3. curing time not ellapse.

It is efficient over cast in situ girders because of the following reasons-

1. Construction of cast in situ girder requires more time as compared to pre-cast girders.
2. in cast in situ girders offers less quality as compared to precast girder.