AutoCAD_Developing Architectural and Structural drawing_Project 1
ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL PLAN OF A TWO STOREYED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Aim : To draw :
1. Architectural drawing of a residential building
a. Plan of a two storeyed building
b. Elevation of a two storeyed residential building
c. Section of a two storeyed residential building
2. Structural drawing
a. Column plan layout of the building
b. Beam plan layout of the building
c. Footing plan layout of the building
Commands used:
a. Line - Command "L" . Give the distance.
b. Offset - Command "O". Give the distance and select the line from where offset is to be done.
c. Rectangle -Command "REC". Click on dimnesion, enter the length and width .
d. Trim - Command "TR". Click on the line from where to be trimmed and then click on the line to be trimmed.
e. Extend -Command "EX" . Click on the line to which it has to be extended,then click on the line to be extended.
f. Block - Command "B" . Give name for the block , pick a point of the object, then select the object.
g. Blockedit -Command "BEDIT" . It is used to give parameters and actions to the block . For eg: to flip a door.
h. Dimension - Command "DIMLINEAR". select the points where dimension is to be marked . "DIMCONTINUE" is used to give dimensions continously,without selecting the base point each time.
i. Layer - Command "LAYER". It is used to assign different properties to different elements in a drawing so that it is easy to work on each element .
j. Hatch - Command "H". Used to define the material property . Select the pattern and pick the object where hatch has to be displayed.
k. Design centre- From the insert toolbar. Use to insert the furnitures etc in drawing ,they are predefined blocks
l. Layout - Layout is created in layout tab . To set the drawing before printing
m. Multiview- Command "MV" - used to create viewport
n. Model space and paper space - Command "MS" and "PS". MS-to adjust the scale ,viewof drawing in model space . In paper space we can change the size of viewport etc.
o. Plot - Command "PLOT" . Used to print the drawing , we can convert the drawing to pdf as well. Pen assignments in plot helps in make the printin black colour ( monochrome), grey scale or the colour of layer and line weight can also be adjusted befor print.
Procedure :
Step:1 Opening of Autocad ,setting limits
* Open Autocad select metric as we are drawing in cm.
* Set the limits and zoom all(Command -Z-a)
* Set the dimension to decimal units and set the precision.
1. Architectural drawing of a two storeyed residential building
a. Plan of the residential building
Step:2 Drawing the plot, and giving setback.
* Given plot size as 18.3m x6m.
* Mark the direction N,S,E,W.
* By rectangle ,draw the plot giving dimensions as 6 and 18.3 m.
* Give setback from the plot , front- from the road 3m ,2m for the backyard, 1m for the sides.
* The proposed building should come inside the setback drawn.
i.Ground floor plan
Step:3 Drawing wall
* Offset 0.23 m from the boundary after the setback is taken for the wall thickness.
Step:4 Drawing Living room :
* As the orientation is given as East, main door should face East.
* For living room, give 3.1m offset horizontally from the North side
* The size of the room will be 3.1 x 3.5 m.
* Opening for maindoor is create by offseting 1m from the wall and trim the same.
* As per Vaasthu Shastra, North-East is favourable for living room and the entrance should face North or East.
Step:5 Drawing Stair:
* From North wall of living room, draw an offset of 1m for the width of the stair, also offset 1m from the West wall for the width of 2nd flight.
* Stair dimension: tread-25cm
rise - 17.5cm
Width - 1m
Total no: of steps -17 steps
* From 1.3 m from the main door wall , start drawing the steps
* Draw 5 steps in the first flight offseting 0.25m.
* Draw the landing of 100cm width.
* For the 2nd flight steps , again offset 0.25m and draw 12 steps.
* According to Vaasthu Shastra, North-East is avoided for stairs , South-West is the best,North-West is favourable.
Step:6 Drawing dinning room:
* Again offset 3.1m from the living wall for dinning room.
* Width will be 3.5m
* Size of dinning room is 3.1x 3.5 m.
* Create a door opening of 0.90m on the West wall of dinning.
Step:7 Drawing common toilet :
* Below the stairs, from the opening of door of dinning room, create a wall of 0.12m.
* Offset 1.5m from the wall and 1m offset to the East side.
* The size of common toilet is 1.5 x1 m.
* Trim 0.80 m from the wall and is given as door opening.
* North -East should be avoided for toilet as per Vaasthu Shastra.
Step:8 Drawing kitchen:
* Offset 3.2m horizontally from dinning wall and 2m vertically .
* The size of kitchen is 3.2 x2 m.
* Trim 0.90 cm for the door opening.
* Acoording to Vasthu Shastra the ideal position for kitchen is South-East ,with cooking place facing East.
Step:9 Drawing store :
* Draw horizontal offset of 1.2m from kitchen wall .
* Give vertical offset of 1.5m.
* Give wall thickness of 0.12m.
Step:10 -Drawing Master bedroom and toilet:
* From the South wall offset 4.5m and width of 1.9m joining the kitchen wall.
* The size of bedroom is 1.9x 4.5m.
* According to Vaasthu Shastra South- West is ideal for Master bedroom.
* Create opening of 0.90cm by offset and trim commands.
* For toilet, draw an offset horizontal of 1.8m from the store wall.
* Size of toilet is 1.8 x1.5m.
* North-East should be avoided for toilets according to Vaasthu Shastra.
* Trim the excess lines and fillet the corners.
* Create steps in the front of maindoor and the door from dinning room.
Step:11 Inserting text:
* With multiline text , draw the text box, text height as 0.15m and style as arial.
ii. First floor plan
Step:12 Drawing first floor rooms and toilet:
* Copy the plan and delete all the walls except the stairs.
* Two bedrooms are drawn on top floor.
* From the south wall draw an offset of 3.1m horizontally and 3.5 vertically.
* Draw toilet of size 1.5x1.9m.
* Trim the opening of door 0.9m for room and 0.7m for toilet.
* South-West is best for rooms as per Vaasthu Shastra.
* Draw the other room next to the 1st room.
* To draw room offset 3.15m horizontally from wall of toilet and 2.25m vertically.
* Draw toilet by offseting , 1.2m horizontally from the room drawn and 1.8m vertically.
* Draw the partition wall thickness as 0.12m.
* Create opening for doors 90cm for room and 80cm for toilet.
* Next to toilet create a space of 0.88 x1.8 m for placing the ventilator ( so that the ventilator don't face the front of the house)and the plumbing works for the toilet.
* Rest of the protion is considered as living area.
Step:13 Inserting text
* With multiline text , mark all the rooms with text height 0.15m and style as arial.
Creating doors and windows and making them as block:
Step :14 Assuming the size of doors and windows , creating them as block and inserting them.
* Assuming the sizes of doors as: D1- 1 x 2.1 m
D2 - 0.90 x2.1m
D3 - 0.70x 2.1 m
* D1 for main doors, D2 for bedroom doors and D3 for toilet doors.
* For door, draw a rectangle of 0.038 x0.076 m for frame.
* Copy this rectangle at a distance of 1m from the frame for door D1. ( as the opening is 1m ).
* From the midpoint of rectangle ,draw a horizontal line 0.005m for hinge .
* Draw a vertical line from this point for the frame and offset 0.01m for the thickness .
* Create a circle from the hinge ,meeting the midpoint of the frame of other side.
* Extend the vertical line to the circle.
* Trim the unwanted portion of the circle.
* D1 is created and make it as a block D1.
* Similary create D2 ( 0.9m distance in between frame)and D3 ( 0.7m distance in between frame) and make it as blocks.
* Insert the block of doors in respective openings.
* Create a sliding door for the common toilet, opening 0.80m.
* Command "BEDIT" edit block defenition dialogue box appears , give the parameteer as flip , then give the axis of flip , here both vertical and horizontal axis are given.
* Two flip states are created here.
* Select action as flip , then select the parameter, then the object.
* Use test block to test the flip if it is working or not.
* We can flip the door accordingly while placing.
* Assuming size of windows : W1 - 1.5 x1.5 m
W1- 1.5 X 1.2m
W2 - 1x 1.2m
V- 0.50x0.50 m
* For window, draw a rectangle of 0.038 x0.076 m for frame.
* Draw a line of 1.50 m for W1 and mirror the rectangle on the other side.
* Delete the line, draw another line connecting the midpoint of the rectangle
* Offset 0.015m from the middle line to two sides
* Divide the panel into three for W1.
* Similarly draw 1m for W2 and 0.50 for V.
* Divide the panel into two for W2 and one division for V.
* Make W1, W2 and V into blocks.
* Insert them where ever required.
Dimensioning:
Step:15 Inserting the dimensions
* Command "DIMLINEAR" and select theline of which dimension is to be found.
* Use command "DIMCONTINUE" for repeated dimensioning.
* Suppress extension lines ,give colour to the dimension line, text height as 0.25.
* Command "D" is used for editing the dimension.
Use of Layer
Step:16 Different layers are made and the objects are placed in layers
* Click on layer, layer manager dialogue box apperas.
* Create new layer button and create the layer for walls,stairs, doors,windows,text,dimension.
* Insert the respective elements in the layer.
* Insert steps in front of entrance and opening at the dinning. riser-0.15m and tread-0.30m.
Hatching:
Step:17 Objects are hatched to show thier material property.
* Hatching is done for brick and open terrace.
* ANS 132 , scale -2 is used for brickwork .
* Hatch edit is selected and the colour of hatch is changed to red.
Inserting furniture by design centre:
Step:18 Design centre
* With the help of design centre ,insert the required furniture in the plan.
b. Elevation:
Step:19 Projecting lines to draw the elevation
* Project the wall lines to the top.
* Draw an horizontal line .
* Offset 0.45 m for the plinth level
* Offset 3m for the first floorlevel.
*Again offset 3m for the second floor level.
Step:20 Drawing windows and doors in elevation
* For windows and doors, project the windows from the plan and give a height of 1.2m and 1.5m (for W1 in living and dinning)respectively.
* For doors project the door and give a height of 2.1m.
* Project the shades and draw the shades at top of the window level.
* Trim off the extension lines and make shutters and panels for doors and windows
* Offset 0.02m for the frame for the doors and windows
* For D1 entrance door , create a rectangle,offset 0.02m ,another rectangle offseting 0.015m and also offset 0.02cm for thickness,join the corners by line.
* For bottom panel draw a rectangle with same width as top panel and give a thickness of 0.02m by offseting, draw small rectangle with thickness 0.02m , then copy it for 3 rows and 4 columns.
* For window W1 height 1.50m , draw an offset of 0.02m for the thickness .
* Draw a rectangle offseting 0.07m from the frame , also offset thickness of 0.02m.
* For the bottom panel divide it with height of 0.465m and offset 0.02m thickness for frame.
* Again offset 0.07m from the frame for the shutter,give 0.02m thickness.
* Repeat it for three panels as it is a three panel window.
* Give shade at thetop of the window.
* Copy this for the w1 window
* For W1 with height of 1.20m, draw the frame of 0.02m thickness
* Show the rods of the window, provide the shade.
* For ventilator , draw height of 0.50m and offset for frame 0.02m.
* Draw steps from the plinth level to the entrance.rise -15cm , tread -30cm.
* For first floor, project the wall, window, door line seen in front of the first floor plan.
* From the floor level mark 2.10m height for the lintel level.
* Draw the window from that level.
* Draw window w2 of two panels from the door height to 1.20m.
* Offset 0.02m for the thickness and show the rods.
* Copy the window to the other side also .
* Sunshade is also drawn.
* Project 0.75m to top to show the top parapet wall.
* Hatch the window with GHOST GLASS scale -0.01(V) and 0.05 (w).
* For architectural purpose,create some hatches.
c. Section
Step:21 Section of first floor
* Section line of ground floor plan, section A-A.
* Project the lines from the elevation for the height and from the section line of plan for the horizontal members.
Step:22 Drawing windows ,doors and stairs in section
* Draw the window and door which we see after cutting the section line.
* To draw the section of stairs, as the section line cuts through the stairs, draw the 1st flight by offseting 0.175m ie, the rise.
* For second flight we will show the side view with riser,0.175m and tread 0.25m leading to the slab.
* For waist slab,10cm is offseted.
* 0.15m lintel thickness is shown on top of every wall as lintel is provided throughout.
* From the floor, 0.10m is offseted for the thickness of the slab.
Step:23 Section of second floor
*Section floor section line is shown:
* Second floor is also drawn by projecting the plan and elevation.
* Draw the section of doors,windows,ventilators wherever the section line cuts.
* Draw the doors and windows visible from viewing from the section line.
* Draw the section of the parapet wall at the top.
Step:24 Drawing of section of columns
* Create columns , by rectangle command 0.23mx0.23m ,place the column in the ground floor plan , in all corners and intersection of walls and place it in layer.
* Copy the same for the first floor
* In the section ,project the column from the plan to the section.
* Mark the ground level, plinth level .
Step :25 Hatching and dimensioning the section
* Hatch the brick wall with ANS 132 scale 0.01.
* Hatch the slab thickeness ,lintel beam with AR_CONC for concrete.
* From the plinth level give 0.1m offset fro the P.C.C.
* With multileader insert the text by marking R.C.C , Brickwall, P.C.C etc.
* Give the dimensions.
Use of layout :
Step :26 Creating viewports in layout
* Go to layout , and create a plot .
* First set the page to A3 by clicking on page set up manager.
* Create a viewport by "MV"command (multiview ) , draw 4 viewports by rectangle.
* Command "MS" for model space ,go to model space and adjust the view such a way that the plan , elevation and section is visible .
Plot:
Step:27 Plotting the layout
* By plot command ,select layout to be printed, name as dwg. to pdf ( to convert to pdf), pen assignment as monochrome .It can be saved as pdf.
2. Structural drawing
a. Column layout
Step:28 Placing of columns
* Column of size 0.23m x0.23m is considered.
* Columns are placed in all corners of the wall and intersection of walls wherever required.
* Columns are also placed where the staircase ends .
* Copy the plan with the column and delete all the windows, doors etc.
Step:29 Drawing grid lines for columns
* Now draw the centre line for column from the annotate tab -centre line .
* Make it a scale of 0.005.
* Delete all the walls and stair.
Step:30 Marking of grid lines
* Now mark the grid line as 1,2 in the y direction and A,B,C,D,E,F in the x direction.
* Create a circle and insert text into it for he marking.
* Dimension between the grid lines are mentioned as it is used for marking the columns.
b. Beam layout
i.Plinth beam layout
Step:31 Drawing of plinth beam- primary beams
* To draw plinth beam layout, copy the ground floor plan with column .
* Plinth beam is provided below all the walls.
* Primary beam are beams provided from one column to other.
* Secondary beams are beams connected from the primary beams.
* Create a layer for beam .
* First connect the columns by beam of width 0.23m , as the wall thickness is 0.23m, these are the primary beams.
Step:32 Drawing of plinth- secondary beam
* Now connect the other internal walls as beams of width 0.12m , beam to beam connections are secondary beams.
* Delete all the walls.
ii. Beam layout for first floor
Step:33 Drawing of primary beams of top floor.
* Copy the first floor plan with column drawn.
* Draw beam of width 0.23m connecting all the columns
* Here for staircase, a beam is drawn at the landing slab level of top floor.
Step:34 Drawing of secondary beam of top floor
* For all the other walls , beam of 0.12m is provided at bottom portion of the first floor slab.
c. Footing plan layout
Step:35 Drawing of footing
* Isolated footing of size 1m x1m is provided.
* Create a rectangle with dimension 1x1 m , plac the centre of rectangle with the centre of column.
* Make a layer for footing and place the footings in that layer.
* Dimension the distance between footing and column.
Step:36 Creating layout and plot for structural drawing
* Create layout as structural and make viewports and place the drawings
* Plot the darwing to pdf by pen assignmnet as monochrome
Result: Architectural and structural plan of a two storeyed residential building is drawn.
1. Architectural plan is drawn:
a. Plan of two storeyed residential building is drawn.
Plot :
i. Ground floor plan of residential building
ii. First floor plan of residential building
b. Elevation of the residential building
c. Section of the building
2. Structural plan has been drawn:
a. Column layout :
b. Beam layout is drawn:
i. Plinth beam layout is drawn
ii. Beam for first floor is drawn
c. Footing layout is drawn