Aston Martin ONE-77 Challenge-11 (Project)
ASTON MARTIN
OBJECTIVE:
Modelling, assembling and rendering of Aston martin car model using surface modelling and solid modelling techniques in solid works.
Types Of Commands:
- Sketch
- Feature
- Surface
- Assembly
Sketch: These commands used to create the 2D or 3D sketches and concerned dimension and the geometrical relations to define the sketch.
Features: These are used to generate the 3D parts the options such as revolve, extrudes and swept body and loft. The generated 3D parts are modelled with options such as fillet, chamfer and extrude cut, revolve cut and sweep cut.
Surfaces: Surfaces are formed by applying various surface features like extrude surface, revolve surface, loft surface, sweep surface, extend surface and ruled surface etc. Again, the generated surfaces are edited with the options trim surface and thicken surface.
Assembly: Select the components are assembled by applying the mate options such as coincident, concentric, distance, parallel etc.
- Sketch Commands:
Creating a model begins with a sketch. Based on the sketch, we can create features. Sketch should be completely defined by applying the geometric relations and dimensions. In 3D sketch, we can snap to directions X, Y, and Z, and constraints are applied along X, Y, Z respectively. When sketching on a plane, we can snap to the horizontal or vertical directions in the plane, and constraints are applied to the Horizontal and the Vertical.
- Smart Dimension - Creates a geometrical dimension for any selected sketch entity.
- Point – It is a 1D element, it inserts a point or vertex into a sketch entity. This cannot be deleted if it is part of sketch endpoint or centre point.
- Line – Generates the lines which can be drawn horizontally, vertically or at any angle.
- Circle – Generates the circular drawing on the graphics area. There are two circle tools which are “Centre circle” and “Perimeter circle”.
- Rectangle – Generates rectangles or square with a centre point at a selected angle there are rectangles like cantered rectangle, corner rectangle. Parallelogram sketches a standard parallelogram.
- Spline – splines can be created with number of midpoints depending upon the complexity of the curve. A 2or 3 dimensional curves defined by a set of control points. Points within a spline can be added or deleted.
- Sketch Fillet - A tangent arc in between two sketch entities can be created with a radius.
- Text - It can be used to write the text necessary wherever required either it’s a plane or face of a model.
- Convert Entities - Copy a sketch entity on plane, it must have an original sketch entity already drawn and selected to use this tool.
- Offset Entities – Creates a sketch entity to a specified distance from the original entity. Must have an original sketch entity already drawn and selected to use this tool.
- Sketch Picture - Insert an image file into the background of a sketch. This allows the user to 2D sketches based on the image. Use the sketch picture property manager to alter the inserted image.
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Figure 1: 2D Sketch generated in solid works
The sketch is shown in black colour which indicates that it is completely defined. The geometric relations like coincident, parallel, equal, vertical and horizontal are shown in the green colour icons as shown in the figure 1.
- Feature commands:
Some sketch-based features are shapes such as extrude, extrude-cut and holes. Other sketch-based features such as lofts and sweeps use a profile along a path. Applied features include fillets, chamfers, or shells they are applied to existing geometry using dimensions and other characteristics to create the feature. Then we add applied features. It is possible to create a part without sketch-based features.
- Extruded Boss/Base - An Extruded Boss/Base feature will allow us extrudes the sketches to generate prismatic solids.
- Extruded Cut – It is a tool to remove material by projecting a sketched section normal to the sketch plane.
- Split - Lines are used to divide model faces into two. Split lines are created like any other sketched feature. They can be one or more connected sketch entities. They must be oriented so that they will pass through model faces when projected normal to the sketch plane.
- Dome – It can be of two types elliptical and spherical. It can add one or more domes to the selected planar or non-planar faces. The software calculates the distance using the radius of the arc as a basis for the dome.
- Fillet and chamfer- used to modify the edges into fillets and chamfer with required dimensions.
- Plane- It is used to generate the planes at different orientation in which the required sketch is to be drawn.
- Project Curve - Select Bi-directional to create a projection that extends on both sides of the sketch. The curve can be used as a path for a sweep.
- There are two types of projected curves. Sketch on Sketch which uses two sketches to make a single curve and Sketch on surface uses a sketch to project on a surface.
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Figure 2: Extruded part
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Figure 3: Fillet applied at the edges of the extruded part
The previous sketch in figure-1 is extruded by using the boss extrude command as shown in the figure-2. Similarly, the extrude cut command is used to remove the solid parts from the generated solid just like the extruding 2D sketch.
- Surface Modelling:
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Zero thickness geometry is known as surface. Surface modelling is a method of creating planar or non-planar complex geometry which has zero or negligible thickness. The surfaces are generally used to create models of complex shapes. The conversion of surface models into solid models and solid model into surface is also possible by using the tools available for surface modelling. The surface commands are:
- Lofted Surfaces – Creates a lofted surface between two or more profiles or sketches. Specify start and end constraints and add guide curves to specify the path shape.
- Boundary Surfaces – The boundary surface feature allows to create surfaces that can be tangent or curvature continuous in both directions.
- Extruded Surfaces – Extrudes a sketch or selected sketch contours in one or two directions two create a surface feature
- Revolved Surfaces – Revolves a sketch or selected sketch contours around an axis to create a revolved surface feature.
- Swept Surfaces – It Sweeps a closed profile along an open or closed path to create a surface feature. It uses a tangent plane at the end of the path so that the path is normal to the swept surface.
- Filled Surfaces – Patches a surface within a boundary defined by edges, sketches, or curves.
- Ruled Surfaces – Inserts ruled surfaces in a specified direction from edges. Tangent to surface, Normal to surface, tapered to vector, perpendicular to vector or sweep can be selected.
- Trim Surface – It trims the surfaces where a surface intersects with another surface, a plane or a sketch.
- Knit Surface – It combines two or more adjacent, non-intersecting surfaces into a single surface body. The surfaces must join at an edge. If the resulting knit surface encloses a volume, we can create a solid body from the Property Manager.
- Move/copy surfaces – Moves or copy surfaces about a plane or a sketch.
- Offset Surface – Offsets surfaces using one or more continuous faces. This tool helps us to create an offset surface with gaps.
- Extend Surface – Extends one or more edges or faces on a surface, based on end conditions and extension type.
- Mirror surfaces – A mirror feature is a copy of a selected feature, mirrored about a plane or planar face. A mirror sketch entity is a copy of a selected sketch entity that is mirrored about a centreline. If the original feature or sketch is modified, the mirrored copy is updated to reflect the change.
Figure 3: Fillet applied at the edges of the extruded part
The previous sketch in figure-1 is extruded by using the boss extrude command as shown in the figure-2. Similarly, the extrude cut command is used to remove the solid parts from the generated solid just like the extruding 2D sketch.
- Surface Modelling:
Zero thickness geometry is known as surface. Surface modelling is a method of creating planar or non-planar complex geometry which has zero or negligible thickness. The surfaces are generally used to create models of complex shapes. The conversion of surface models into solid models and solid model into surface is also possible by using the tools available for surface modelling. The surface commands are:
- Lofted Surfaces – Creates a lofted surface between two or more profiles or sketches. Specify start and end constraints and add guide curves to specify the path shape.
- Boundary Surfaces – The boundary surface feature allows to create surfaces that can be tangent or curvature continuous in both directions.
- Extruded Surfaces – Extrudes a sketch or selected sketch contours in one or two directions two create a surface feature
- Revolved Surfaces – Revolves a sketch or selected sketch contours around an axis to create a revolved surface feature.
- Swept Surfaces – It Sweeps a closed profile along an open or closed path to create a surface feature. It uses a tangent plane at the end of the path so that the path is normal to the swept surface.
- Filled Surfaces – Patches a surface within a boundary defined by edges, sketches, or curves.
- Ruled Surfaces – Inserts ruled surfaces in a specified direction from edges. Tangent to surface, Normal to surface, tapered to vector, perpendicular to vector or sweep can be selected.
- Trim Surface – It trims the surfaces where a surface intersects with another surface, a plane or a sketch.
- Knit Surface – It combines two or more adjacent, non-intersecting surfaces into a single surface body. The surfaces must join at an edge. If the resulting knit surface encloses a volume, we can create a solid body from the Property Manager.
- Move/copy surfaces – Moves or copy surfaces about a plane or a sketch.
- Offset Surface – Offsets surfaces using one or more continuous faces. This tool helps us to create an offset surface with gaps.
- Extend Surface – Extends one or more edges or faces on a surface, based on end conditions and extension type.
- Mirror surfaces – A mirror feature is a copy of a selected feature, mirrored about a plane or planar face. A mirror sketch entity is a copy of a selected sketch entity that is mirrored about a centreline. If the original feature or sketch is modified, the mirrored copy is updated to reflect the change.
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Figure 4: Two Different curves on different planes
In the figure 4, the two curves are shown in the two mutually perpendicular planes which are drawn to generate a surface by using the swept surface option. After applying the swept surface command on the two curves, the required surface is generated along the path curve by translating the sketch curve.
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Figure 5: Generated Surface
These surfaces are trimmed to remove the unwanted surface and are knitted to merge into single surface. While knitting the create solid option is available to convert the closed surfaces into solids.
- Assembly commands:
- Concentric- makes the selected surface and the curvy edges concentric
- Coincident- surfaces, edges and corners are coincides by using this command
- Distance- distance is given as constraint between the assembled parts
- Parallel- required edges and surfaces are aligned parallel to each other
- Perpendicular-edges and surfaces are aligned perpendicular to each other
- Tangent- desired edges and surfaces are assembled with the curvy surfaces with tangent relation.
- Lock- constraint the parts completely at their current position and orientation without any other geometric relation with the other parts.
- methodology
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The required dimensions of the model are taken from the concerned source
Sketch in required plane of reference
By using the sketches generated in the planes the desired parts are modelled with feature and surface options
After generating the model, required appearances are applied for better view of the model and decals are also applied according to the requirements
The modelled parts are assembled by using the mate commands
The assemble model is rendered to get an attractive view
Modelling:
As this model consists of complex surfaces, it requires the blueprint images to draw the concerned splines.
Blueprint- It is setup which represents the reference planes where 2D and 3D sketches are drawn with respect to the transparent blue print photos on the top plane, mid plane, front plane, back plane and bottom plane.
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Figure-6: Blueprint setup
This modelling is started with the generation of the roof surface of the car the car by using the projected curve option for the curves with complex curvature. After the roof part the door part and the fender parts are modelled.
For every unique portion of the surface is generated with the related curves and the edges of the generated surfaces. According to the feasibility the surface fill and the boundary surface option are used to the generate the surfaces.
Knitting is done for the surfaces which are supposed to be treated as unique part such as door and fender.
Where as split and split surface options are used to distinguish the desired surfaces.
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Figure-7: Surface generation of the car
After generating the total surfaces of the half car model, some surfaces like door, hood, windshield, back bumper and head lights are imported as different part model. These are imported for modelling the parts with more feasibility.
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Figure-8: Doors
The doors are given with the side mirrors and mirrored about the right plane. The handle to the door is modelled as solid part.
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Figure-9: Front windshield
The imported model of the front windshield is given with the split line option to distinguish the glass part of the wind shield. The glass part is given with the glass appearance.
Similarly, the rear windshield model is modelled.
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Figure-10: Rear windshield
The imported model of the hood is given with grills as shown in the figure. The grills are modelled with the linear pattern, move and copy operation and extrusion option.
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Figure-11: Hood
The head lights are also imported as new part and the generated surfaces are given with the thicken option. The glass part is given with the glass appearance.
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Figure-12: Lights
The disc brake is modelled seperatly without extracting any surface from the aston martin model. This modelling includes the revove, extrusion and circular pattern command.
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Figure-13: Disc brake
A calliper is modelled with the related dimensions which is supposed to be assembled with the disc brake.
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Figure-14: Calliper
The rim of the front and the rear wheels are modelled and the concerned tyres are also modelled and assembled with rims. The resultant wheel is supposed to be assembled with the Aston martin model.
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Figure-15: Wheel
Assembly:
In assemble, the main part i.e., surface model of the aston martin is imported first and is fixed at its own position and remaining parts like wheels, front and rear windshield, hood, head lights and wheels are assembled. After assembling every part, the status of the assemble i.e., undefined, defined and over defined is checked and ensure that it should be defined only except for the wheels.
The bottom approach assemble is done for these models. Every model is generated separately and is inserted in the assemble file to assemble.
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Figure-16: Assembly of all parts
Rendering:
Rendering is done to get the realistic and attractive view of the model. It is done by using different types of lights and the light directions and orientations. Some background images are also used to make the view more vibrant and attractive.
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Conclusion:
The parts of the Aston martin are modelled with defined sketches and the modelled parts are assembled. The assembled model is rendered to get a realistic view.