Project 1 file is attached below.

1. Why there is a difference in the formula of variance for population and sample Variance is how far a set of numbers are spread out To put it simply (n−1) is a smaller number than (n).When you divide by a smaller number you get a larger number. Therefore when you divide by (n−1) the sample variance will work…

1A. The English Dictionary App project file is attached below & the words.txt file also belongs to the English Dictionary app project.   1B.  Library Book Management System project file is attached below.

EDA on Vehicle Insurance Customer Data project 2 file is attached below.

1. Calculate all 4 business moments using pen and paper for the below data set? ----> Answer file attached below. 2. What is the significance of expected value when a simple mean (Sum of all observations/number of observations) is already in place An expected value gives a quick insight into the behavior of a random…

1. Perform Gradient Descent in Python with any loss function Let us consider the below dataset for performing gradient descent x = [1, 2,3,4,5] y =[2,4,6,8,10] The loss function to be used is the mean square error which is defined as                          …

1) Pros and cons of SVM Pros: It works really well with a clear margin of separation It is effective in high-dimensional spaces. It is effective in cases where the number of dimensions is greater than the number of samples. It uses a subset of training points in the support vector's decision function. SVM is relatively…

1) Apply knn to the “Surface defects in stainless steel plates” and identify the differences. The python File attached below  2) What are the pros and cons of knn. Pros:  ●Simple to understand and easy to implement. •It is a non-parametric algorithm and hence, there are no assumptions. •It…

The file is attached below.

1) What is a Neural Network? Neural networks, also known as artificial neural networks (ANNs) or simulated neural networks (SNNs), are a subset of machine learning and are at the heart of deep learning algorithms. Their name and structure are inspired by the human brain, mimicking the way that biological neurons signal…

1) How does similarity is calculated if data is categorical in nature. The simplest way to find similarity b/t two categorical attributes is to assign a similarity of 1 if the value is identical and a similarity of 0 if the values are not identical. Another method involves converting the categorical data into label encoding.…

Data cleaning on Automobile 1985 dataset and perform descriptive analytics The pynotebook file is attached below.

Project 1 file is attached below Thank you

The project file is attached below.

The project-2 file size is more than 700 MB, not able to upload in the skill-lync portal. Therefore upload the file to drive and share the access below. Kindly found it. --- https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/12sDLjUBjHi7QQY-YLOQJxVvEaTHeUw-V?usp=sharing --- Thank you

The project file is attached below kindly finds it.

The project is file attached below