There is an extra work in the code that with every iteration length l1 is increasing from 1 to 2.   Firs stage is the initialization of all the variables L1,l2 theta 1 & 2 x0 & y0 frame (number of frames) Second stage is the nested loop one for theta 1 and the other one for  theta 2 they include - Calculation…

The code follows as following   Initialization of the vatiable b g l m Initializing Initial Conditions - at initial posiotion theta = 0 velocity is 3 Degining 500 timesteps between 0 to 20 sec Solving the ODE usingg ode45 Output time results - comlumn vector of position and velocity at every yime step Input t &…

Optimising the stalagmite funtion fequire to flip the entire funtion upside down which would convert maximas to minimas. This can be simply be done by multiplying the final formulation of stalagmite function by '-1'. Genetic Algorithm Genetic algorithm is an Darvin's naturals selection theory inspired optimization algorithm,…

Explaining the code   Function - 'NASAcalculator' is made for the data extraction Input - File name - 'THERMO.dat' Processes Skipping through the firs 5 header lines Setting up a species counter Running a while loop until find 'END' updating the species counter Reading the Species first line to extract Species…

 Explaining the code Initialising the conditions T3 P3 P4 Calculations - Enthalpy, Temperature and Entropy  For path 3 to 4 4 to 1 1 to 2 2 to 3 Plotting Entropy vs Temperature Plotting Entropy vs Enthalpy 

# Project 1A import os import json fileName = "Dictionary1" #input('Please enter a File name ') if os.path.isfile(fileName): f = open(fileName,'a') print(' File already Exists \n') else: f = open(fileName,'w') dic = {'add':'sum'} json.dump(dic,f) f.close() def add_new_word(word,meaning): #creating a dictionery out of text…