The Matlab code below writes the blockMeshDict file of chosen angle required to run the simulation for symmetry boundary condition in OpenFoam: clear all close all clc re = 2100; %Reynolds number d = 0.01; %Diameter r = d/2; %Radius l_h = 0.06*re*d; %Hydrodynamic entrance length theta = 45; %Angle of wedge boundary = "symmetry";…

1. Ahmed body Ahmed body is a simplified prototype model of a car body. It is used for validating results of CFD codes with the wide range of experimental data present with it. It was first used by S.R. Ahmed in \"Some sailent features of the Time-averaged ground vehicle wake\", where he studies the wake region at the…

Meshing the interior plastic component of a side door   Objective: To mesh the given interior plastic component of a side door by following approches for mid surface extraction Manual mid-surface Automatic mid-surface Combination of both   Methodology: Cleanup the geometry of the given model as shown below  …

1D Subsonic-Supersonic Nozzle governing equations in non-conservation form: The governing equations in non-conservation form is given by `(∂ρ^')/(∂t^' )=-ρ^' (∂V^')/(∂x^' )-ρ^' V^' (∂(ln⁡〖A^' 〗 ))/(∂x^' )-V'(∂ρ')/(∂x^' )` `(∂V^')/(∂t^' )=-V^' (∂V^')/(∂x^'…

The input power supplied to a graphics card or a processor is finally converted to heat energy. This heat energy is to be constantly removed by some form of cooling. Fans are generally used to supply cool air over the graphics card and hence transfer heat through convection and flush this hot air out of the system. This…

Transient flow over a rotating throttle in an elbow is to be simulated    Working fluid - Air The working region is initialised by air with a pressure of 101325 (Pa) Bounadry conditions are given by Inlet - Total pressure = 150000 (Pa)           Velocity - Zero normal gradient  …

Parametric study: Parametric study involves the use of various input parametrs in combinations forming  various design points to obtain various outputs It simplifies the setup of the simulations The simulation need to be setup for one design point and the results for rest of the design points can be obtained without…

1. Steady State solver: We know that the steady state equation for 2D heat conduction is `(∂^2 T)/(∂x^2 )+ (∂^2 T)/(∂y^2 )=0` By applying central differencing for the space derivatives and solving, we get `T_(i,j)= (∆x^2 ∆y^2)/(2(∆x^2+∆y^2))*[(T_(i-1,j)+T_(i+1,j))/(∆x^2 )+(T_(i,j-1)+T_(i,j+1))/(∆y^2…

Objective To simulate a flow through a solid aluminium pipe and understand the conjugate heat transfer phenomenon using supercycling in CONVERGE   Introduction We know that the Reynolds number for pipe flow is given by `R_e=(ρUD)/μ` where rho - density of fluid, U - velocity of flow, D - diameter of pipe &…

Animation   We set the front and back surfaces to 2D as it is a 2D simulation Boundary conditions are given as Inlet total pressure = 110325 (Pa) Outlet static pressure = 101325 (Pa)   Meshes of base grid size 2e-3,1.5e-3 & 1e-3 are created with fixed embedding at the top and bottom walls   Solving the…

1. Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) Analysis CHT analysis is used to understand the thermal interaction between a soild and fluid due to convection. It is used for applications such as determination of Overall heat transfer coefficient for an engine or radiator Hot spots in a system Temperature distribution in a system of…

Shock wave: Shock waves occur when the flow of a compressible fluid is supersonic in nature (i.e., velocity of flow > velocity of sound in the fluid medium). They are characterised by a sudden change in temperature, pressure and density of the medium. When a object travels in air with a velocity greater than the velocity…

Shock tube: Shock tubes are often used to study combusion reactions at high temperature and pressure. Shock waves in a shock tube are generated by building up pressure and bursting the diaphragm so that shock waves travel from high pressure region to the low pressure region   Simulation: To setup a shock tube simulation…

  The given ODE of damped pendulum is `(d^2 θ)/(dt^2 )+ b/m (dθ)/dt+ g/L sin(θ)=0`   Simplifying the second order ODE of the pendulum to to get two first order ODE\'s: Let `θ=x_1` `(dθ)/dt= (dx_1)/dt =x_2` `(d^2 θ)/(dt^2 )= (dx_2)/dt` Substituting in the given ODE, we…

For a pipe with diameter D, the hydrodynamic entrance length to get a fully developed laminar flow is given by `L_h=0.06R_e D` Reynold\'s number is given as 2100. Let us assume that diameter D = 0.01 m & the length of pipe as the hydrodynamic entrance length. So, length of pipe = L_h = 1.26 m Since, the working fluid…

The 2D representation of gearbox models (as shown above) with low and high clearances are used for simulation with two different working fluids for sloshing effect:   1. Water Density - 997 (kg/m^3) Dynamic Viscosity - 0.005 (kg/m.s)   2. Oil Density - 871 (kg/m^3) Dynamic Viscosity - 0.04006889 (kg/m.s)  …

MESHING A BMW M6 MODEL USING ANSA Objective: To clean-up the surface of BMW M6 model and mesh it for a wind tunnel CFD simulation   Methodology: We are only interested in the outer surface of the model First we need to remesh the perimeters to get a smooth surface as shown            …

    To simulate a channel flow in 2D, we create the geometry with x=0.1, y=0.01 & z=0.01 in converge studio and setup the case. The flow consists of air and we solve the flow using pressure based solver for 15000 cycles. Pressure at inlet = 100001 (Pa) Pressure at outlet = 100000 (Pa) Temperature of the wall…

We shall modify the cavity tutorial folder of icoFoam solver to solve the given problem. The files are modified as shown below control/ blockMeshDict file: /*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\\ ========= | \\\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox \\\\ / O peration…

Steady state flow over throttle body inside an elbow is simulated with the throttle positioned parellel to the flow as shown below   Working fluid - Air The working region is initialised by air with a pressure of 101325 (Pa) Bounadry conditions are given by Inlet - Total pressure = 150000 (Pa)      …

Aim To setup a keyword file for the simulation of drop test for a mobile phone from mesh file To simulate the drop test and understand the results obtained   Case setup The mesh of the mobile in close proximity of ground is shown below. Here, the rigid plate acts as the ground.  The model is in millimeter scale.…

Aim: To simulate the impact of Pedestrian Headform with Hood and compare the results with the impact simulation of the Headorm with a rigidwall To calculate the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Stress & Strain plots for different impact simulations   The units system used here is mm-kg-ms. The following conditions…

Aim: To simulate a Bird Strike on Aero engine in which the blades of the Aero engine fail as a result of high velocity impact   Case-Setup: The units system used here is kg-mm-ms. The cylindrical simple elastic component is assumed as the bird for this simulation. The model is divided into individual component key…