Week 3 Challenge

Ans-01.01:-

Primary Load cases:-

1. Dead Load
2. Live Load
3. Wind Load
4. Sesimec Load
5. Snow Load

Ans-01.02:-

One way Slab:-

• Slab load will transfer in only one direction of slab.
• Ly/Lx grater than or equal to 2 , Consider as a one way slab.

Ans-01.03:-

Unit weignt of structural steel = 7850 Kg/m3.

Well graded sand & Gravel soil = 21 to 23 kn/m3

Ans-01.04:-

Name of the section:-

1. Circle
2. Rectangle
3. Tee
4. Trapezoidal
5. General
6. Tapered I
7. Tapered Tube
8. Assign Profile

Ans-01.05:-

Primary Beams:-

• The primary beams are directly connected to the columns.
• Slab loads are transfer to the columns by primary beams.

Ans-02.01:-

Factors & Parameters:-

1. Probability factor (Risk coefficient)
2. Terrain
3. Building Height and Structure size.

Ans-02.02:-

Load Transfer process:-

1. From slab to Secondary beam
2. Secondary beam to Primary beam
3. Primary beam to Columns
4. Columns to Foundations
5. Fondations to Hard soil statra

Ans-03.01:-

One way slab:-

• One way slab transfer load in only one direction.
• Ly/Lx grater than or equal to 2 consider as a one way slab.
• Main reinforcement rebars in shorter span only.

Two way slab:-

• Two way slab tranfer load in two directions Longitutinal & Transverse directions
• Ly/Lx Less than 2 Consider as a Two way slab.
• Main reinforcement rebars in longer & Shorter directions.

Ans-03.02:-

•  The secondary beams rest on the other beams.
• Some of Slab loads transfered to the secondary beams and from the secondary beam to load tranfered to the primary beams rest on the columns.

Ans-03.03:-

Primary Load cases:-

1. Dead load
2. Live load
3. Roof live load
4. Wind Load
5. Seismic load
6. Snow load
7. Fluids load
8. Soil load
9. Rain Water/ICE load
10. Ponding Load
11. Dust Load
12. Traffic Load
13. Temperature Load
14. Imperfection Load
15. Accidental Load
16. Flood Load
17. Ice Load
18. Wind on Ice Load 
19. Crane Hook Load
20. Mass Load
21. Gravity Load
22. Push Load

A) Indian Standards Load cases:-

1. IS 875 (Part-01) Dead Loads
2. IS 875 (Part-02) Live Loads or Imposed Loads
3. IS 875 (Part-03) Wind Loads
4. IS 875 (Part-04) Snow Loads
5. IS 875 (Part-04) Special Loads
6. IS 4326, 1993 Earthquake Loads

B) Parameters of Load cases:-

1. Self weight
2. Area of the structure
3. Type of structure
4. Type of Building Usage
5. Volume of section

C) Berif of Each Load cases:-

Dead Loads:-

• Dead load are structural loads of a constant magnitude over time.
• They include the self weight of structural members, Such as walls, Plasters, Ceilings, Floor, Beams, Column, and roofs.
• Dead load also include the loads of fixture that are permanently attached to the structure.
• The unit weight/Mass of the material that are likely to be stored in a building are also specicified for the pupose of load.
• Unit weight of materials

Cement concrete - 23.5 KN/M3

Reinforced concrete -22.75 to 26.5 KN/M3

Cement Mortar - 20.4 KN/M3

Cement Plaster - 20.4 KN/M3

Coarse Aggregate -15.7 to 21.95 KN/M3

Fine Aggregate - 15.10 to 19.6 KN/M3

Live Load:-

• Live load is what is produced during the use of the structure.
• it is also called imposed load or probabilistic load since its calculation is based on projections and not real data.
• This term encompasses people, Furniture, Vehicle, traffic, various equipment.

Wind Load:-

• Wind load is essentially the wind pressure or wine force, in pounds per square foot, Exerted on a building.
• There can be uplift wind load, Shear wind load and lateral wind load.

Seismic Load:-

• Seismic loading is one of the basic concepts of earthquake engineering which means application of seismic oscillation to a structure
• It happens at contant surfaces of a structure either with the ground or with adjacent structure.

Ans-03.04:-

Steps involved in Assigning Properties:-

1. By using Geometry create model as required.
2. Select Properties tap
3. In properties menu
4. Select Define properties/Shape/Size based on requirement
5. Select the particular property and Select assign to selected beam option 
6. Assign the properties to the beams.

Steps involved in Assigning Supports:- 

1.  Select support menu
2. Create supports as required
3. Select particular supprots want assign
4. Use Node cursor select support node 
5. Assign the support to the node by using selected nodes

 Ans-03.05:-

Steps involved in create and assign secondary beam:-

• By using geometry create primary beams and colums
• In between the primary beams nodes needs to be created the nodes joined by using add beams options.
• Select specification tap, created beams needs to be mensined as seconadary beam.
• In the secondary beam end and start point suppots need to be defined as a secondary beams. (Releases needs to be defined)

 

Practical:-

Calculation of Wind Pressure:-

1. For Darjeeling vb - 47 m/s
2. K1 - 1.07
3. K2 - Catogary -04 & Class -B - 0.76
4. K3 - 1.0

Calculation of Dead Load & Live load:-

Dead Loads for Hospitals Building:-

1. 230mm Wall External wall loads - (0.23 x 3 x 20Kn/m3) = 13.8 Kn/m
2. 115mm wall Internal wall loads - (0.115 x 3 x 20Kn/m3) = 6.9 Kn/m
3. 100mm Thk Floor Finish loads - (0.1 x 22 Kn/m3) = 2.2 Kn/m2
4. MEP services loads below slab - 0.5 Kn/m2
5. Miscellanoues loads - 0.5 Kn/m2
6. Total SDL loads - 3.2 Kn/m2

Live Loads Hospital building:-

1. Bed Rooms, Waeds,Dressing rooms, Dormitories and Lounges - 2 Kn/m2
2. Kitchen, Laundries and Laboratories - 3 Kn/m2
3. Dining rooms, Cafeterias and restaurants -3 Kn/m2 & 2.7 KN
4. Toilets and Batjhrooms - 2 Kn/m2
5. X ray rooms, Operating rooms, General storage areas to be calculated but not less than - 3 Kn/m2 & 4.5 KN
6. Office rooms and OPD rooms - 2.5 Kn/m2 & 2.7 KN
7. Corridors, Passages, Lobbies and staircase including fire escapes as per floor serviced but not less than - 4Kn/m2 & 4.5 KN
8. Boilers rooms, and plant rooms to be calculated but not less than 5 Kn/m2 & 4.5