As we know that the energy can never be created or niether destroyed with the today's development

we have been able to utilize the energy which is been wasted at the time of braking. The kinetic energy which assist the vehicle to move also gets dissipated while the braking is done. Though it depends on multiple parameters on how efficient the braking would be it can be depended upon.

This is the drive cycle of new york city.

Number of Brake Pistons

Duration and Degree of Brake Pedal been Pressed

Road Condition

Temprature

Brake Pad and Disc Condition

Mass of the Vehicle

Still with a basic operation where the vehicle in motion and the brakes are applied the same efficiency could be calculated by the given equations.

BE=12mv2BE=12mv2

BE = braking energy

m = mass of the vehicle

v = velocity

In this manner the same calculation is been carried out for calculating the brake efficiency that would be required at the peak point. It bieng a drive cycle with speed variations the braking power required would vary but still the highest braking power required is mentioned below-

BRAKING ENERGY REQUIRED = 160 KJ FORR THE SPEED OF 57 KMPH.

When the motor is at rest and it has to operate from standstill position to the reach the moderate speed the higher torque is required to bring the motor in operation. Whereas when the vehicle is already at high speed the capping or the limit is reached by the motor operation and thus any further higher torque could not be obtained while braking. The braking operation happens in the motion which is been distributed as per proportion in the BRAKE ENERGY and the REGENERATIVE BRAKING.

In Mechanical braking which we usually see and experience in all vehicles the brake pedal in the vehicle cabin helps us to engage or disengage the brakes. Currently the braking technology have done wonders by inventing life saving braking technologies such as ABS, EBD, BA and mny others. All these technologies play vital role in stopping the vehicle and coming back to rest from a high speed. In all these vehicles when the driver applies the brakes the brake peds come closer to the disc connected with the driving disc. The brake pads usually help in efficient braking.

There are two generic methods by which the vehicle could be braked in the ELECTRIC BRAKES.

Series - The Regenerative Braking or the Mechanical Braking noth are applied one after another.

Parallel - The Regenerative Braking or the Mechnical Braking both are applied Parallely.

When the brake pedal is pressed the hydraulic fluid reaches the brake piston and created the braking pressure on the wheels and the same kinetic energy is been used by the Regenerative Braking for generating more power using the Bi-directional motor which operates as a generator while braking.

q3

clear all
close all
clc

w = linspace(0,1000)

T = linspace(0,300)

kc = 0.18; % COPPER LOSSES
ki = 0.006; % IRON LOSSES
kw = 0.000015; % WINDAGE LOSSES

[X,Y] = meshgrid(w,T)
copper_loss = (Y.^2)*kc
iron_loss = X*ki
wiindage_loss = (X.^3)*kw
cons = 20

o_p = X.*Y
input_power = (copper_loss)+(iron_loss)+(wiindage_loss)+(o_p)+cons
Eff = (o_p)./(input_power)
n = linspace(0.7,0.95,10)
box off
grid off
contour(X,Y,Eff,n)
title('SPEED TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS')
xlabel('SPEED RAD/s')
ylabel('TORQUE N/m')