Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

1)

Lithium ion cell types have different chemical reactions based on their material, those materials are further divided into metal oxides, spinels and olivines, whereas metal oxides will gives us highest capacity but cost will be high and safety concerns are also high. Moreover, In discharging the negative electrode gives electrons and get oxidized, while charging the negative electrode accepts the electrons and get reduced, this process is also known as redox reactions. Furthur more discussion is done by using the table below.

Type	layered transtion	anode material	cathod material	anode reaction	cathod reaction
LCO	metal oxide	Graphite	lithium cobalt oxide	LiC6 -> Li+ + 6C + e-	LiCoO2 + Li + e- -> Li2CoO2
LMO	spinel	graphite	lithium maganese oxide	LiC6 -> Li+ + 6C + e-	LiMn2O4 + Li+ + e- -> Li2Mn2O4
NCA	metal oxide	graphite	nickel cobalt aluminium oxide	LiC6 -> Li+ + 6C + e-	LiNiCoAlO2 + Li+ + e- -> Li(NiCoAl)O2
NMC	metal oxide	graphite	nickel mandanese cobalt oxide	LiC6 -> Li+ + 6C + e-	LiNiMnCoO2 + Li+ + e- -> Li(NiMnCo)O2
LFP	olivines	graphite	lithium iron phosphate	LiC6 -> Li+ + 6C + e-	LiFePO4 + Li+ +e- -> Li3Fe2(PO4)3
LTO	spinel	graphite	lithium titanium oxide	Li4Ti5O12 + 12Li+ + 12e- -> 4Li4Ti5O12	Li4Ti5O12 + 12Li + 12e- -> 4Li4Ti5O12

2)

There are different lithium ion cell combinations are available in present technology, which has diffferent advantages and disadvantages, based on the application we require,  the combination and adjustment we need to do. Moreover, due to rapid growth of technology we still thrive to improve the battery performance, for better efficiency and cost effective.

Type	LCO	NCA	LFP	LMO	NMC	LTO
Energy density	HIGH	HIGH	MODERATE	MODERATE	LESS M0DERATE	LOWER
Safety	LOWER	LOWER	HIGH	Balancing	Balancing	HIGH
Cycle Life	shorter	shorter	longer	longer	moderate	longer
Voltage Stability	avg	avg	avg	avg	Better	less
operating temperature range	poor	poor	good	average	average	better
COST	depends on various factors like material selection	depends on various factors	economical	depends on various factors	depends on various factors	depends on various factors

 In summary, LCO and NCA used to having high energy densities with high storaging capacity but at the same time you are having less safety and performance. And others are vice versa. when it comes to cost, safety and cycle life LFP makes the best combination to happen. Based on the application needed, We need the hybrid model that works for all type of users and applications.