Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

QUESTION NO:1

LITHIUM ION CELL:A lithium-ion (Li-ion) cell is an advanced battery technology that uses lithium ions as a key component of its electrochemistry.

During a discharge cycle, lithium atoms in the anode are ionized and separated from their electrons.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:The movement of the lithium ions creates free electrons in the anode which creates a charge at the positive current collector. The electrical current then flows from the current collector through a device being powered (cell phone, computer, etc.) to the negative current collector

TYPES:

Sl NO	Lithium Ion Cell Type	ANODE USED	CATHODE USED	Electrolyte	Rex. at Anode	Rex. at Cathode	Redox Rex.
1	LCO-Lithium Cobalt Oxide	Lithiated Graphite-LiC6	Lithium Cobalt Oxide-LiCoO2	Lithium Hexafluro Phosphate in Ethylene Carbonate- LiPF6+C3H4O3	LixC6→xLi++xe-+C6	Li1-xCoO2+xLi++xe-→LiCoO2	C6+LiCoO2↔LiC6+CoO2
2	LMO-Lithium Manganese Oxide	Lithiated Graphite-LiC6	Lithium Manganese Oxide-LiMn2O4	Lithium Hexafluro Phosphate in Ethylene Carbonate- LiPF6+C3H4O3	LixC6→xLi++xe-+C6	Li1-xMn2O4+xLi++xe-→LiMn2O4	C6+LiMn2O4↔LiC6+Mn2O4
3	NCA-Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide	Lithiated Graphite-LiC6	Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide-LiNiCoAlO2	Lithium Hexafluro Phosphate in Ethylene Carbonate- LiPF6+C3H4O3	LixC6→xLi++xe-+C6	Li1-xNiCoAlO2+xLi++xe-→LiNiCoAlO2	C6+LiNiCoAlO2↔LiC6+NiCoAlO2
4	NMC-Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide	Lithiated Graphite-LiC6	Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide-LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2	Lithium Hexafluro Phosphate in Ethylene Carbonate- LiPF6+C3H4O3	LixC6→xLi++xe-+C6	Li1-xNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2+xLi++xe-→LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2	Li1-xNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2+xLi++xe-→LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2
5	LFP-Lithium Iron/Ferrous Phosphate	Lithiated Graphite-LiC6	Lithium Ferrous Phosphate-LiFePO4	Lithium Hexafluro Phosphate in Ethylene Carbonate- LiPF6+C3H4O3	LixC6→ xLi++xe-+C6	Li1-xFePO4+xLi++xe-→LiFePO4	C6+LiFePO4↔LiC6+FePO4
6	LTO-Lithium Titanium Oxide	Lithium Titanium Oxide-Li4Ti5O12	Lithium Titanium Oxide-LiMn2O4	Lithium Hexafluro Phosphate in Ethylene Carbonate- LiPF6+C3H4O3	Li4Ti5O12→Ti5O12+4Li++4e-	4Li1-xMn2O4+4Li++4e-→4LiMn2O4	Li4Ti5O12+4Mn2O4↔4LiMn2O4+Ti5O12

QUESTION NO:2

Sl NO	Lithium Ion Cell Type	VOLTAGE	SPECIFIC ENERGY	C-RATE WHILE CHARGING	C-RATE WHILE DISCHARGING	THERMAL RUNAWAY POINT	CYCLE LIFE	APPLICATIONS	CHART
1	LCO-Lithium Cobalt Oxide	3.6V (nominal) 3.0-4.2V (typical)	150-200Wh/kg	0.7-1C	1C	150°C	500–1000	Cameras,Mobiles,Laptop
2	LMO-Lithium Manganese Oxide	3.7-3.8V (nominal) 3.0-4.2V (typical)	100–150Wh/kg	0.7–1C typical, 3C maximum	1C; 10C possible with some cell	250°C	300-700	e-powertrains,power tools etc.
3	NCA-Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide	3.6V (nominal) 3.0-4.2V (typical)	200-260Wh/kg	0.7C	1C	150°C	500	Medical devices, industrial, electric powertrain
4	NMC-Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide	3.6-3.7V (nominal) 3.0-4.2V (typical)	150–220Wh/kg	0.7–1C	1C; 2C possible on some cell	210°C	1000-2000	EVs,BIkes,Industrial
5	LFP-Lithium Iron/Ferrous Phosphate	3.2-3.3V (nominal) 2.5-3.65V (typical)	90–120Wh/kg	1C	1C, 25C on some cell	270°C	>2000	High load and high current uses
6	LTO-Lithium Titanium Oxide	2.4V (nominal) 1.8-2.85V (typical)	50–80Wh/kg	1C typical; 5C maximum	10C possible, 30C 5s pulse	300-350°C (safest)	3000-7500	Inverter,UPS,Vehicles,Solar Street Lights