Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

1.Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it.

Ans:-1 A battery is made up of anode,cathode,seperator,electrolyte and two current collector terminal. The anode and cathode store the lithium. The electrolyte carry positive charged ions from anode to cathode and vice versa.

When In discharging state, the anode releaseslithium ions to cathode generating flow of electrons from one side to other. When plugged in reverse happens lithium ions are released by the cathode and received by anode.

The commonly used battries are

1) Lithium Manganese oxide

2) Nickel Manganese Cobalt

3) Lithium Nickle Cobalt Aluminium

4) Lithium Cobalt oxide

5) Lithium titanate

6) Lithium Iron Phosphate

1) Lithium Cobalt oxide- Its anode material is LiaC6, the cathode material is LibCoO2 and the carrier is Li+. It is used in phone batteries and laptops. The majority of Lithium ion batteries for portable devices are cobalt based. The system contains cobalt oxide cathode and graphite carbon anode.

2) LMO used manganese di oxide as cathode material. They function same mechanism as secondary battery such technologies such as LiCoO2. It is inexpensive, non toxic and provide better thermal stability.

3) NCA batteries has been in used since 1999 for special application. It shares similarities with NMC by offering high specific energy, long life span and good power

4) NMC offer combination of nickel, manganese and cobalt. They have a high specific power.

5) lithium ion phosphate also known as li- phosphate batteries as well. They use phosphate as cathode material. They benifit from low resistance property and better thermal structure.

6) LTO is a rechargable battery which has a advantage of being faster charge than other lithium ion batteries. But its disadvantage is that it has low energy density.

2.Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics

Ans:-2 There are 5 points to analyse battery characteristics.

i) Specific power

ii) Specific Energy

iii) Life span

iv) Cost

v) Safety

vi) Performance

1) LCO:- It offers high specific energy but offers only moderate performance specific power, safety and life span.

2) LMO:- it offers moderate performance and it has new design of Li-manganese which offer specific power, safety and span.

3) NMC:- It has good overall characteristics and excels on specific energy. It is better choice for electric vehicle and has low self heating rate.

4) LFP:- It has excellent safety and long life span but moderate speicifc energy and elevated self discharge.

5) NCA:- High energy and power density as well as good life span make NCA a candidate for EV power trains.

6) LTO:- It excels in safety, low temperature perfromance and good life span