AIM: Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it
Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics.
QUESTION 1:
Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it.
INTRODUCTION:
Lithium ion cells are a secondary type battery cell that isthey are rechargeble and also they are reusable which makes them ideally suited for automotive application and certain consumer electronics when two or more cells connected they are referred to as a batteries like other batteries lithium aion batteries also rely on the chemical energy stored in the bonds and atoms of elements and compounds and utilize this energy in a chemical reaction occuring inside the cell .the chemical eneergy from this reaction is converted to electrical energy and it is used .since the lithium ion cells are rechargeble ,they can perform the reverse reaction using electricity as well.
#CONSTRUCTION:
#ELECTROLYTE:
* The electrolyte is an ionic conductor that provides the medium for internal ionic charge transfer between the electrodes.
* The electrolyte must often comprise a liquid solvent containing dissolved chemicals the solution that provides the ionic conductivity.
* The lithium ion cells use non aqueous electrolytes.
#CATHODE AND ANODE:
* The cathode and anode is the two electrodes that are connected by a wire in an external circuit.the electrons are passing through the external wire and so an electric current is peroted.
* The anode refers to the electrode through which the convetional current enters into a polarized electrical device.
* The cathode refers to the electrode through which convetional current leaves on electrical device.
#SEPARATOR:
* The separator physically isolatesthe positive and negative electrodes. the separator is an ionic conductor but an electronic insulator.
* It prevents the internal short circuiting between the two electrodes.
# CURRENT COLLECTORS:
*The current collectors are the electronic conductors with which the electrodes are mixed it does not take part in the chemical reactions of the cell but instead. it either allow simple electronic connection to reduce the electronic distance of an electrode.
# ADVANTAGES OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY:
* As mentioned it has a high energy density which is two times compare to Ni-Cd.
* The lithium ion battery is rechargeble.
* There is no effect.hence, it is not needed to discharge them completely before recharging.
* The battery can handle many charge/discharge cycle.
* The battery can hold the the charge and it can lose only 5% of its charge every month.
# DISADVANTAGES OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY:
* It lasts only two to three years after the manufacturer.
* It is sensitive to high temperature.
* if the battery is completely discharged ,it can no longer be recharged again.
* It is relatively expensive.
* If the 'separator' gets damaged it can burst into flames.
# APPLICATIONS FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES:
1) LITHIUM COBALT OXIDE (LCO) BATTERY:
LCO( lithium cobalt oxide) was invented in the 1991.its anode material is LiaC6, the cathode material is LibCoO2 an the carrier is Li+. It is used in various applications ranging from electronic devices to all laptops and phone batteries . the majority of lithium ion batteries for portable devices are cobalt based.the system containing a cobalt oxide cathode (positive electrode) and graphite carbon anode (negative electrode).
2) LITHIUM ION MANGANESE OXIDE(LMO) BATTERY:
A lithium ion manganese oxide (LMO) is a lithium ion cell that uses manganese dioxide ,MnO2 as the cathode material.they function through the same intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism as other commercialized secondary battery technologies ,such as, LiCoO2.cathode based on manganese oxide components are earth abundant ,inexpensive ,non toxic and provide better thermal stability.
3) LITHIUM NICKEL COBALT ALUMINIUM OXIDES (NCA) BATTERY:
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide battery or NCA has been around since 1999 for special application.it shares similarities with NMC by offering high specific energy ,reasonably good specific power and a long life span.
4) LITHIUM NICKEL MANGANESE COBALT OXIDE (NMC) BATTERY:
In NMC batteries after a combination of nickel,manganese and cobalt .they are sometimes known as lithium manganese cobalt oxide batteries NMC batteries have a high specific energy or power.
5) LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE BATTERY(LFP):
LFP batteries stands for lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4) batteries which is known as li phosphate batteries as well .they use phosphate as cathode material. in ,addition they benefit from the low resistance properties that enhance their thermal stability and safety.
6) LITHIUM TITANATE OXIDE (LTO) BATTERY:
The lithium titanate oxide (LTO) battery is a type of rechargeble battery which has the advantage of being faster to charge than other lithium ion batteries,but the disadvantages of having a much lower energy density.
# QUESTION 2:
Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics.
CONCLUSION:
we have studied different types of ion batteries.