Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry
OBJECTIVE:
1.Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it
2.Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics.
1.Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it
Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LiCo02) - LCO:
Its high specific energy makes Li-cobalt the popular choice for mobile phones, laptops and digital cameras. The battery consists of a cobalt oxide cathode and a graphite carbon anode. The cathode has a layered structure and during discharge, lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode. The flow reverses on charge. The drawback of Li-cobalt is a relatively short life span, low thermal stability and limited load capabilities.
Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn204)-LMO:
Li-ion with manganese spinel was first published in the Materials Research Bulletin in 1983. In 1996, Moli Energy commercialized a Li-ion cell with lithium manganese oxide as cathode material. The architecture forms a three-dimensional spinel structure that improves ion flow an the electrode, which results in lower internal resistance and improved current handling. A further advantage of spinel is high thermal stability and enhanced safety, but the cycle and calendar life are limited.
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) - LFP:
In 1996, the University of Texas (and other contributors) discovered phosphate as cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Li phosphate offers good electrochemical performance with low resistance. This is made possible with nano-scale phosphate cathode material. The key benefits are high current rating and long cycle life, besides good thermal stability, enhanced safety and tolerance if abused.
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCo02)-NMC:
One of the most successful Li-ion systems is a cathode combination of nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC). Similar to Li-manganese, these systems can be tailored to serve as Energy Cells or Power Cells. For example, NMC in an 18650 cell for moderate load condition has a capacity of about 2,800mAh and can deliver 4A to 5A: NMC in the same cell optimized for specific power has a capacity of only about 2,000mAh but delivers a continuous discharge current of 20A. A silicon-based anode will go to 4,000mAh and higher but at reduced loading capability and shorter cycle life. Silicon added to graphite has the drawback that the anode grows and shrinks with charge and discharge, making the cell mechanically unstable.
Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide (LiNiCOAIO2)-NCA:
Lithium nickel aluminium oxide battery, NCA, been around since 1999 special applications. It shares similarities offering specific energy, reasonably good specific power and long-life LesS.
Titanate (Li2TiO3)-LTO:
Batteries with lithium titanate anodes been nown since 1980s. Li-titanate replaces the graphite the anode of typical lithium battery material forms into spinel structure. cathode can lithium manganese percent -30°C (-22°F).
2.Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics.
All the cells are classified using 6 classifications i.e., Energy, Power, Safety, Performance, Life Span and Total Cost. The higher the cost indicator, the lower the cost of the cells.
LCO cell has the highest specific energy of 150-190 Wh/kg compared to NCA and NMC of 120-150 Wh/kg and 100-135 Wh/kg and rest are comparatively lower, it also has less cost compared to other cells.
LFP offers the least resistance to electric current, therefore it generates the most specific power compared to other cells.
LTO cells are safest, highest performing and has the highest lifespan compared to other cells.
Considering all the factors, NMC is the most satisfying cell which has better specific energy and average points in all other factors.