Sketch a G+1 residential plan according to Vaastu Shastra and Calculation of Loads as per IS code

AIM: To sketch a G+1 floor residential plan, according to Vaastu Shastra.

• Vastu shastra: It is ancient Indian science of architecture and acts as a guidelines to design your home in a easy way that enhances positive energy.
• Our nature is abundant with power houses of energy sources like sun, wind, moon, water, earth and fire.
• Effect of sunrays, flow of winds, pull of earth’s magnetic field and other such cosmic energies.

Needs of vaastu shastra:

Shape:

Square, rectangular.

Room basics:

Rooms should be airy, well lit, bright and clean.

Home centre:

Centre of house should be empty space.

Stair and furniture:

Heavy furniture should be kept in SW direction.

Water:

Avoid keeping plants and water features in bedroom.

Dining table:

It should be near kitchen and not near the main door.

Mirror placement:

Mirror facing the bed is strictly not allowed. Mirror in the bedroom need to be placed in such a way that bed cannot be seen.

Different type of load acting on building.

1. Dead loads
2. Imposed loads
3. Wind loads
4. Snow loads
5. Earthquake loads
6. Special loads

1. Dead Loads (DL)

The first vertical load that is considered is dead load. Dead loads are permanent or stationary loads which are transferred to structure throughout the life span. Dead load is primarily due to self weight of structural members, permanent partition walls, fixed permanent equipments and weight of different materials. It majorly consists of the weight of roofs, beams, walls and column etc. which are otherwise the permanent parts of the building. The calculation of dead loads of each structure are calculated by the volume of each section and multiplied with the unit weight.

2. Imposed Loads or Live Loads (IL or LL)

The second vertical load that is considered in design of a structure is imposed loads or live loads. Live loads are either movable or moving loads with out any acceleration or impact. These loads are assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy of the building including weights of movable partitions or furniture etc.. Live loads keeps on changing from time to time. These loads are to be suitably assumed by the designer. It is one of the major load in the design. The minimum values of live loads to be assumed are given in IS 875 (part 2)–1987. It depends upon the intended use of the building.

number of floors (including the roof) to be carried by member under consideration	Reduction in Total Distributed Imposed Loads in %
1	0
2	10
3	20
4	30
5-10	40
Over 10	50

Wind load:

• The intensity of wind load depends upon the velocity of wind, size, height of the building.
• Wind load is considered to act uniformly upto a height of 30m
• Above 30m the wind load intensity increases
• Design wind pressure is calculated using the expression

P_Z = 0.6V_Z²

Where, P_Z = wind pressure @ ht z, in N/m².

V_{Z =} design wind speed @ ht z, in m/s.

• V_Z is calculated using the formula ,

V_Z = k1*k2*k3*k4.

Where, V_b = basic wind speed

K1 = probability factor ( risk co-efficient )

K2 = terrain roughness and height factor

K3 = topography factor

K4 = importance factor

Wind load on individual member

F = ( Cp_e-Cp_i)Ap_d

Where,

Cp_e = external pressure coefficient

Cp_i = internal pressure coefficient

A = surface area of structural element or cladding unit,

P_d = design wind pressure

The SI wind load unit is Newtons or Pascals.

- All columns are 300mm x 300mm
- All beams are 300mm x 450mm
- Slab thickness if 125mm
- The height of the wall is 4.5m

Dead load for both the floors:

For main wall = density*thickness of wall*(ht of wall-beam depth)

= ((19.1*0.23*(4.5-0.45))

= 17.8KN/m

Inner wall = 19.1*0.1*(4.5-0.45)

= 7.73KN/m

Parapet wall = 19.1*0.1*1

= 1.91KN/m

Slab = density*thickness

= 25*0.125

= 3.125KN/m²

Floor finish = 1KN/m²

Dead load on a column

Wt. of column

= (weight * volume of the column)

= (D * ( Hc * Wc * Lc ))

= ( 2500kg/cum. * ( 2.7m. *0.3m. * 0.30m. ))

= 607.5kg

Wt. of the beam

= (unit weight * volume of the beam)

= (D * (Lb * Wb * Db))

= (2500kg/cum. * (4m. * 0.30m. * 0.45m.))

= (2500kg/cum. *0.54cum)

= 1350kg.

Live load for both the floor:

According IS code IS 875:1987,(PART-2)

Usually residential building has live load of 2KN/m²

Live load of Staircase for residential building is 3KN/m²

Wind load:

As the height of the building is less than 10m, wind load is not applied.

Summary:

Dead load for,

Main wall: 17.8KN/m

Inner wall: 7.73KN/m

Parapet wall: 1.91KN/m

Column: 607.5kg

Beam: 1350kg.

Slab: 3.125KN/m²

Live load for,

Residential building: 2KN/m²

Stairs:3KN/m²

Wind load :

Not applicable.