Radar Mast & Final Assembly of Yacht

Link : Sanjay_A_GOOGLE DRIVE Access Link for yatch assembly/ part zip file:

>>>REPORT<<<

>Predator Yatch Modeling and Rendering in SOLIDWORKS<

To begin with, It should be understood by any engineer that the complete development of any Product is done through various steps, starting from concept building, prototype building and till market launch furthermore improvisation using customer feedback.

But most of the steps must require virtual environment that helps to visualize understand and improve with high accuracy in less time and with cost effective way, here comes the role of software's.

These helps in faster and cheaper R&D of Vehicle.

Coming to the topic I am dealing now with, We definitely need a 3D modelling software/ tool for the building of an American chopper the leading industrial 3D modelling tool that is most accurate along with user friendly interface is SOLIDWORKS. SOLIDWORKS is a solid/ surface modelling computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) program published by Dassault Systems.

DESIGN METHODOLOGY:

Lets get into the software/ tool

SOLIDWORKS has three basic workbenches namely: Part, Assembly and Drawing/ Drafting.

I begin with modeling of individual part designs, which can be finally assembled together to get a perfect output, it should be noted that the same step is followed in real industrial assembly also where they bring separate parts from various vendors or various departments of manufacturing and finally they get assembled in an assembly line.

In this project, we will be able to sketch and build an entire American Predator Yacht using SOLIDWORKS to understand the 3D- Modelling methodology of Surface Modelling.

In this project we’ll learn, curve generation, surface creation from curves and sketches, different types of surfaces - boundary surfaces - lofted surfaces - filled surfaces - ruled surfaces- reference planes - surface trims - surface knit - move/copy surfaces - mirror surfaces etc..

Blueprint set-up is used as a reference for our modelling.

The following are the key parts/models we will deal with in surface modelling using SOLIDWORKS.

>>PARTS DESIGN

1. HULL
2. FRONT SEAT
3. MIDDLE SEAT
4. REAR SEAT
5. SUPERSTRUCTURE
6. RADAR
7. RADAR MAST
8. GARAGE DOOR
9. PROPELLER

>>LET US GO IN DETAILS OF TERMINOLOGY USED IN THE SOFTWARE

These terms appear throughout the SOLIDWORKS software and documentation.

1. Origin - Appears as two blue arrows and represents the (0,0,0) coordinate of the model. When a sketch is active, a sketch origin appears in red and represents the (0,0,0) coordinate of the sketch. Dimensions and relations can be added to a model origin, but not to a sketch origin.
2. Plane - Flat construction geometry. Planes can be used for adding a 2D sketch, section view of a model, or a neutral plane in a draft feature.
3. Axis - Straight line used to create model geometry, features, or patterns. Axis can be created in different ways, including intersecting two planes. The SOLIDWORKS application creates temporary axes implicitly for every conical or cylindrical face in a model.
4. Face - Boundaries that help define the shape of a model or a surface. A face is a selectable area (planar or non-planar) of a model or surface.
5. Edge - Location where two or more faces intersect and are joined together. Edges can be selected for sketching and dimensioning.
6. Vertex - Point at which two or more lines or edges intersect.
7. Sketch - Create the sketches and decide how to dimension and where to apply relations.
8. Features - Select the appropriate features, such as extrudes and fillets, determine the best features to apply, and in what order to apply those features must be decided.
9. Surfaces - Surfaces are a type of geometry that can be used to create solid features.
10. Assembly - Select the components to mate and the types of mates to apply.
11. 3-D SKETCH - When sketching in 3D, we can snap to the major directions, X, Y, or Z, and constraints are applied Along X, Y, Z respectively. These are constraints to the global coordinate system., When sketching on a plane, we can snap to the horizontal or vertical directions in the plane, and constraints are applied to the Horizontal and the Vertical. These are constraints to a plane, planar face, etc.

SKETCH COMMANDS

1. Smart Dimension - Creates a dimension for a selected sketch entity.
2. Line - Line is one of the first sketching tools in Solidworks Sketch Command Manager which can be drawn horizontally, vertically or at any angle. It plays very important role to complete the 2D drawing of the product or part and very easy to utilize its features.
3. Circle - The circle is another important sketching tool which enables to create the circular drawing on the graphics area. There are two circle tools are available and they are “Center circle” and “Perimeter circle”.
4. Rectangle - Sketches rectangles or square with a center point at a selected angle. Parallelogram sketches a standard parallelogram.
5. Spline - A two or three dimensional curve defined by a set of control points. Points within a spline can be added or deleted.
6. Sketch Fillet - A tangent arc in between two sketch entities can be created.
7. Point - Inserts a point or vertex into a sketch entity. This cannot be deleted if it is part of sketch endpoint or center point.
8. Text – It can be used to write the text necessary wherever required either it’s a plane or face.
9. Offset Entities - Copy a sketch entity to a specified distance from the original entity. Must have a sketch entity already drawn and selected to use this tool.
10. Sketch Picture - Insert an image file into the background of a sketch. This allows the user to 2D sketches based off of the image. Use the sketch picture property manager to alter the inserted image.
11. Convert Entities - Convert Entities enables you to copy model edges into your active sketch. These sketch elements are automatically fully defined and constrained with an On Edge relation. Convert Entities is like Offset Entities except that the offset distance is always zero.

FEATURES

Some sketch-based features are shapes such as bosses, cuts, and holes. Other sketch-based features such as lofts and sweeps use a profile along a path. Another type of feature is called an applied feature, which does not require a sketch. Applied features include fillets, chamfers, or shells. They are called “applied” because they are applied to existing geometry using dimensions and other characteristics to create the feature. Typically, we create parts by including sketch-based features such as bosses and holes. Then we add applied features. It is possible to create a part without sketch-based features.

FEATURE COMMANDS

1. Extruded Boss/Base - One of the oldest commands in the SOLIDWORKS software is the boss/base extrude command. An Extruded Boss/Base feature will allow us to take a 2D sketch and add thickness to it in the third dimension.
2. Extruded Cut - It’s a tool to remove material by projecting a sketched section normal to the sketching plane.
3. Split - Lines are used to divide model faces into two. Split lines are created like any other sketched feature. They can be one or more connected sketch entities. They must be oriented so that they will pass through model faces when projected normal to the sketch plane.
4. Dome - It can add one or more domes to the selected planar or non-planar faces. The software calculates the distance using the radius of the arc as a basis for the dome.
5. Pierce Relationships - The Pierce relationship is used in sweeps. It can be thought of as a 3D Coincident relationship. In our spring, the circle will follow the helix. Think of the helix as a thin piece of wire and the profile sketch as being drawn on a piece of paper. If we stick the wire through the paper at the center of the circle, this would be a pierce relationship. When we perform the sweep, the paper will slide along the wire, held at the pierce point.
6. Project Curve - Select Bi-directional to create a projection that extends on both sides of the sketch. The curve can be used as a path for a sweep.
7. Composite Curve - We can create composite curves by combining curves, sketch geometry, and model edges into a single curve. Composite curve can be used as a guide curve when creating a loft or a sweep.
8. WIRE FRAME - Wireframe is a view mode in which all edges of the part or assembly are displayed.
9. VERTEX - A vertex is a point at which two or more lines or edges intersect. Vertices can be selected for sketching, dimensioning, and many other operations.
10. MATERIALS - Materials are applied to parts to define the engineering properties. These properties include such properties as density and yield strength.

MODELLING

3D modelling is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software. The product is called a 3D model. It can be displayed as a two-dimensional image through a process called 3D rendering or used in a computer simulation of physical phenomena. The model can also be physically created using 3D printing devices. In terms of game development, 3D modelling is merely a stage in the entire development process.

Models may be created automatically or manually. The manual modelling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting.

3D modelling software is a class of 3D computer graphics software used to produce 3D models. Individual programs of this class are called modelling applications

The 3D part is the basic building block of any large scale design. Features are the individual shapes that, when combined, make up the part. We can also add some types of features to assemblies. Part documents can contain multiple solid bodies that we can manipulate the same way as single solid bodies.

>>SURFACE MODELLING

Surface modelling is a method of creating planar or non-planar complex geometry which has zero thickness. This zero thickness geometry is known as surface. The surfaces are generally used to create models of complex shapes. We can convert surface models in solid models. We can also extract a surface from a solid model using the tools available for surface modeling.

<Advantages of Surfaces:>

Surfaces give mush more flexibility when creating complex shapes that cannot be done using solid features.

Surfaces can be used to build a shape face-by-face rather than all at once.

Surfaces can be used as reference geometry.

Surfaces can be more efficient than solid features depending on object.

<Disadvantages of Surfaces:>

Modelling with surfaces is almost always more work than modelling with solids.

There is a much more complex workflow when creating surfaces and then converting to solids.

SURFACE COMMANDS

1. Lofted Surfaces – Creates a lofted surface between two or more profiles or sketches. Specify start and end constraints and add guide curves to control the path shape.
2. Boundary Surfaces – The boundary surface feature lets us to create surfaces that can be tangent or curvature continuous in both directions (all sides of the surface). In most cases, this delivers a higher quality result than the loft tool.
3. Extruded Surfaces – Extrudes a sketch or selected sketch contours in one or two directions two create a surface feature
4. Revolved Surfaces – Revolves a sketch or selected sketch contours around an axis to create a surface features.
5. Swept Surfaces – It Sweeps a closed profile along an open or closed path to create a surface feature. It uses a tangent plane at the end of the path so that the path is normal to the swept surface
6. Filled Surfaces – Patches a surface within a boundary defined by edges, sketches, or curves. We can use constraint curves to fill surfaces and adjust resolution control to improve surface finish.
7. Ruled Surfaces – Inserts ruled surfaces in a specified direction from edges. Tangent to surface, Normal to surface, tapered to vector, perpendicular to vector or sweep can be selected. We can also trim and knit the surfaces and remove any connecting surfaces.
8. Trim Surface – It trims the surfaces where a surface intersect with another surface, a plane or a sketch
9. Knit Surface – It combines two or more adjacent, non-intersecting surfaces into a single surface body. The surfaces must joint at an edge. If the resulting knit surface encloses a volume, we can create a solid body from the Property Manager
10. Move/copy surfaces – Moves or copy surfaces about a plane or a sketch.
11. Offset Surface – Offsets surfaces using one or more contiguous faces. This tool helps us to create an offset surface with gaps.
12. Extend Surface – Extends one or more edges or faces on a surface, based on end conditions and extension type.
13. Mirror surfaces – A mirror feature is a copy of a selected feature, mirrored about a plane or planar face. A mirror sketch entity is a copy of a selected sketch entity that is mirrored about a centerline. If the original feature or sketch is modified, the mirrored copy is updated to reflect the change.
14. Reference plane – We can create planes in part or assembly documents. We can use planes to sketch, to create a section view of a model, for a neutral plane in a draft feature, and so on.
15. Projected curve – A projected curve is typically used either in sweeps and lofts as path or guide curve. There are two types of projected curves:

>>Sketch on Sketch: Use two sketches to make a single curve.

Sketch on surface: Use a sketch to project on a surface.

1. Split line – The Split Line tool projects an entity (sketch, solid, surface, face, plane, or surface spline) to surfaces, or curved or planar faces. It divides a selected face into multiple separate faces. We can split curves on multiple bodies with one command.
2. Split point – We can split a sketch entity to create two sketch entities. Conversely, we can delete a split point to combine two sketch entities into a single sketch entity.
3. Fillet - A fillet is an internal rounding of a corner or edge in a sketch, or an edge on a surface.

>>PART MODELLING<<

=>BLUEPRINT

A blueprint is a reproduction of a technical drawing or engineering drawing using a contact print process on light-sensitive sheets. A blueprint is a guide for making something, it's a design or pattern that can be followed. They were easier to read and faster to make.

1. HULL

A hull is the watertight body of a ship or boat. The hull may open at the top (such as a dinghy), or it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. ... The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline.

The hull of a ship is the most notable structural entity of the ship. To define the hull, it can be said that it is the watertight enclosure of the ship, which protects the cargo, machinery, and accommodation spaces of the ship from the weather, flooding, and structural damage.

The hull is a watertight body of a vessel which may be open or may be partially covered with a deck.

Hull has several watertight decks and bulkheads as the major transverse membrane.

The intermediate member of the hull consists of girders, webs and stringers.

Depending on the structural arrangements, there may be longitudinal members for strengthening purpose.

In our model the hull was designed along with the following parts of the Yacht,

2. SUPER STRUCTURE

A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline called ground level and it usually serves the purpose of the structure's intended use. A superstructure is a decked structure on the freeboard deck, extending from side to side of the ship.

3. PROPELLER

There can be one, two or three propellers. It is the most important part of the ship without which a ship can't move. So, the main function of propeller is to propel the ship in the forward direction by producing thrust on water. Its working principles are Newton's third law of motion and Bernoulli's theorem.

4. GARAGE DOOR

A garage door is a large door on a garage that opens either manually or by an electric motor (a garage door opener). Garage doors are frequently large enough to accommodate automobiles and other vehicles. The operating mechanism is spring-loaded or counterbalanced to offset the weight of the door and reduce human or motor effort required to operate the door. Less commonly, some garage doors slide or swing horizontally. Doors are made of wood, metal, or fiberglass, and may be insulated to prevent heat loss.

5. RADAR

Marine radars are X band or S band radars on ships, used to detect other ships and land obstacles, to provide bearing and distance for collision avoidance and navigation at sea. They are electronic navigation instruments that use a rotating antenna to sweep a narrow beam of microwaves around the water surface surrounding the ship to the horizon, detecting targets by microwaves reflected from them, generating a picture of the ship's surroundings on a display screen.

6. RADARMAST

A mast is a vertical ship structure mounted on top of bridge and forward of the forecastle towards the ship’s bow. It accounts for the support platform for the ships derrick and hold necessary equipment’s such as radars, navigation light and ships horn in case of foremast. They are made of high tensile steel with added rigidity based on the size of derricks it holds. Other than that a ships main mast is also used to hoist ships flag.

Out of different parts of ship the main job of mast is to hold necessary equipment such as radar receiver, navigation lights, ships horn, flags and derricks in some case.

7. FRONT SEAT

Front seats feature two connected seats that are built back-to-back from one and other. They have a built-in storage unit underneath them. Lounge seats can also fully recline right back to make it easier for you to kick your feet up and get more comfortable. The front seat in our model was placed before the superstructure and also it has sun pads to rest on it. Sun pads are a great way to reclaim lost space on our boat.

8. MIDDLE SEAT

The middle seat in our model was placed just behind the superstructure. It is provided with a luxury table to dine out. It can also be used to have casual meetings with co-passengers.

9. REAR SEAT

The rear seat was placed at the end of the deck surface. The rear seat consist of locker racks and steel doors for our stairs. The flag was also placed behind the rear seat since it’s the end part of our yacht. To have a nice view from the yacht while having a drink the rear seat was also provided with a slots to rest the glass or mug.

ASSEMBLY

An assembly is a document in which parts, features, and other assemblies (sub-assemblies) are mated together. The parts and subassemblies exist in documents separate from the assembly. For example, in an assembly, a piston can be mated to other parts, such as a connecting rod or cylinder. This new assembly can then be used as a sub-assembly in an assembly of an engine. The extension for a SolidWorks assembly file name is SLDASM.

Finally, Save the assembly..!

PHOTOREALISTIC RENDERING

Rendering of the assembly is done to make a good quality 2D images for the purpose of advertising and promotion of the products before selling it to the customers. Photorealistic rendering creates high quality images or motion graphics if available so as to look appealing in various environments and backdrops.

SOLIDWORKS provides 2 rendering products:

Photoview 360 which is inbuilt add in for SOLIDWORKS

SOLIDWORKS Visualize which is a separate Render Engine.

Photoview 360:

After adding photoview 360 the render tools tab can be brought in

It has various options like preview window, render region, final render, edit appearance, edit scenes, and options for managing render quality, Bloom, cartoon, direct caustics, network rendering and final image type.

Schedule render and recall last renders are also some options.

Decals can be added using edit decals, image can be added on faces by mapping values in coordinate directions. Illumination can be set to underlying appearance for better blending of decals.

Display states can be set for parts individually so as to provide multiple appearances to a single part and changing the appearance whenever required.

From view dropdown- Lights and camera is for setting up camera views and lighting of the scenes.

SOLIDWORKS VISUALIZE

SOLIDWORKS Visualize provides a suite of standalone software tools that combine industry-leading rendering capabilities with visual design-oriented features and workflows, allowing easy and fast creation of visual content that communicates a design’s vision, passion, and emotion.

It is a separate render engine that is provided under SOLIDWORKS professional.

Visualize Professional adds an array of features including animations, custom lighting, VR, 360 Interactive, and much more.

SOLIDWORKS Visualize Professional provides the highest level of detail and optimized render times.

It helps in creating Rendered images of the SOLIDWORKS models in Photorealistic environments for marketing quality images with various options to tweak on the final image required as per the user.

It uses either of the CPU or GPU or both as hybrid to render quality images.

Import the assembly and select part grouping as appearance, this ensures that all the parts having same appearance are grouped together in appearance tab.

All parts having same appearance can be tweaked together using appearance options.

Setting up of background can be done from scenes tab which includes a wide range of HDR images and backgrounds.

Background brightness, rotation, gamma can be changes as required from the scenes tab.

Camera views can be added or used from assembly.

Render output image properties can be changed from output tools. Things such as image size, animation, photograph scenes, usage of CPU, GPU or both as hybrid can be selected.

Some rendered images of chopper are attached below:

CONCLUSION

Thus the project Design, Assembly and Photo-Realistic Rendering of an American Predator Yacht was Modelled and Rendered successfully.