Project - Design a Hospital Management system

Healthcare Management System

Hospitals are key institutions and there is need for efficient service delivery in the hospital as good health is
paramount to a happy society. As a result of this there is need for a system that will enable hospital management in making effective and efficient decision. Recently, efforts are continuously being made in designing and constructing a user friendly and reliable database system to satisfy hospital or medical management system. On the other hand, many hospitals and medical centers are still adopting the manual system of hospital management. These methods of medical management system have continued to pose a lot of setbacks and problems to medical practitioners, nurses, patients and other staff in both government and private hospitals. Data Management in hospital can be used for achieving the patient’s information, arranging the doctors schedule and accounting business. Doctors should access the patient’s record for giving the best diagnosis to cure the patient. On the other hand patient can access their lab results and all kinds of information that doctors indicate. Data base hospital helps to control the accounting business easily.

The purpose of design of Healthcare management system (HMS) is to plan a solution for problem specified by the requirements. System design aims to identify the modules that should be in the system, the specification of those modules and how they interact with each other to produce the result. The goal of the design process is to produce a model or representation of a system can be used later to build that system. The produced model is called design of the system. The user interface must be simple.

In the database management system all information including prescription, survey, and diagnosis of patients can be carried out.

• All information includes prescription survey, diagnosis of patients.
• The patients and the doctor can handle all information.
• Patients can take appointment time for visiting and can access their information via interest if the organization is online.
• Administration can access the statistics about the hospital such as patients capacity, number of employee, etc.

HMS was introduced to solve the complications coming from managing all the paper works of every patient associated with the various departments of hospitalization with confidentiality. HMS provides the ability to manage all the paperwork in one place, reducing the work of staff in arranging and analyzing the paperwork of the patients. HMS does many works like:

• Maintain the medical records of the patient

• Maintain the contact details of the patient

• Keep track of the appointment dates

• Save the insurance information for later reference

• Tracking the bill payments.

The advantages of HMS are:

• Time-saving Technology

• Improved Efficiency by avoiding human errors

• Reduces scope for Error

• Data security and correct data retrieval made possible

• Cost effective and easily manageable

• Easy access to patient data with correct patient history

• Improved patient care made possible

• Easy monitoring of supplies in inventory

• Reduces the work of documentation

• Better Audit controls and policy compliance.

The features of HMS are:

• Appointment Management: For hospitals having their own site, appointment widgets will be integrated onto the site. Patients visiting the hospital’s website can book online appointments with ease.
• Billing Management: Integrated Billing with treatments, Lab and Radiology. Alerts will be sent on Discount Authorisation. Automatic due capture, Option to bill before and after consultation.
• Prescription Management: Manage commonly and recently used medicines. Option to show medicines available in the pharmacy. SMS prescriptions to Patients.
• Discharge Summary: Template based Discharge Summary. ICD10 integration. Option to prevent discharge summary till IP bill is closed.
• Operation Theatre Management: Automatic notification can be sent to customers on test results. Lab notifications like email, SMS of the test reports sent from the Automated Lab notification module.
• Pharmacy Management: Comprehensive Pharmacy Management handles stock, Prescription Integration, Ward Request, Stock Management, Stock Moment and intelligent reports.
• Lab Management: Comprehensive Lab Management handles complete order management, Custom Reports, Smart Notifications, Credit Settlement, detailed MIS Reports, Analytics and App for Phlebotomist.

The modules that can be included in the system design of healthcare/hospital management system are

• Administration module: Administrator can view all the details of the hospital record.
• Inpatient module: This module is used to store details of patients who are admitted.
• Outpatient module: The outpatient module contains details of the patient who are came for check ups.
• Lab module: Lab module is used to generate laboratory reports.
• Billing module: Billing module is used to calculate the bill of the patient.

Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

A context flow diagram is a 0th level DFD.It only contains one process node that generalizes the functions of the entire system in relationship to external entities.

A Data flow diagram is a graph showing the flow of data values from their sources in objects through processes that transform them to their destination in other objects. A DFD also known as “bubble chart”, has the purpose of clarifying the system requirements and identifying major transformation that will become programs in system design.So, it is the starting point of the design phase that functionally decomposes the requirements specifications down to the lowest level of detail. A DFD consists of a series of bubbles joined by lines.

DFD uses a number of symbols to represent systems. Most Data flow modeling method use 4 kinds of symbols to represent four kinds of system components:

• Process: A process shows a transformation or manipulation of data flows within the system.
• External identity: External entities are outside the system, but they either supply input data into the system or use system output.
• Data flow: A data flow shows flow of information from source to destination. A data flow is represented by a line, with arrowhead showing the direction of flow.
• Database: Database is a huge collection of data. It is used for storage purpose.

As per the figure attached below (Figure name: Level 0 DFD, Level 1 DFD and Level 2 DFD) the different modules are discussed below.

Administration module:
Input: User Name, Password
Process Definition: - Login to the system
Output: If login is successful then administrator can view and update the records.

Inpatient module:
Hospital Management System
Input: Inpatient detail
Process Definition: Information about the treatment given to the patients who are admitted.
Output: Information about the patient.
Interface with other module: - The inpatient details are necessary for lab reports and billing.

Outpatient module:
Input: Outpatient detail
Process Definition: This module has the information about the treatment given to the patient who are came to check up.

Output: Information about the patient.
Interface with other module: - The outpatient details are necessary for lab reports and billing.

Lab module:
Input: Patient ID, Category
Process Definition: Laboratory reports of the patient.
Output: Lab report and charge.
Interface with other module: This module requires information from inpatient and outpatient modules.

Billing module:
Input: Patient ID
Process Definition: Calculates bill and deduct amount if any card facility is available.
Output: Bill.
Interface with other module: Billing module requires information from inpatient and outpatient modules.

Source: https://studentprojectguide.com/project-report/system-analysis-design-hospital-management-system/

Benefits of Hospital Management System:

• Easy Patient data retrieval: HMS makes it possible to access all the data related to a patient via a system by the means of a few simple clicks. Information like patient history, current illness, doctors involved, tests reports taken, billing information and many more can be made visible to the user. These data will help to connect the dots about the patient, like specific diagnosis, related treatment, and medication.

• The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) or Electronic Health Record (EHR): This electronic-based medical record system can be viewed as a patient’s health chart. It retrieves information based on the patient’s name or medical record number or the physician’s record number.

• Increased Data security: The patient data can be kept a hundred percent safe by using HMS in hospital. It can be made accessible by only a limited amount of authorized personnel. With HMS, all the data is stored on a server or cloud and kept safe by just securing the login information safe.

• Improve Visibility and Transparency: Hospital Management System (HMS) improves the visibility and transparency in the complete management process and in all records.

• Streamline Accurate Reporting: It helps in streamlining the accurate reporting with the help of updated and accurate records.

• Improved Quality Control: Hospital Management System improves the quality control on the products and services of the hospital.

• Improved Management Visibility: It also improves the management visibility of hospital, all information, and data regarding the patient, doctor and medicine could be seen by any department easily.

• Ease to Access System Facilities: Hospital Management System makes it easy to get access to the management system facilities for the authorized users and keep it safe from unauthorized users.

• Cost Effective: HMS not only saves time in the hospital but also is cost-effective in decreasing the number of people working on the system of manual entry of data and paperwork. The implementation of His will decrease the human intervention into the system thereby avoiding human-caused errors.

Portal development for patients

In order to manage a healthcare business or medical organization, it is most likely maintain hundreds or even thousands of personal profiles on patients. These profiles accumulate protected health information (PHI), as defined by HIPAA:

• names
• telephone numbers
• geographic data
• social security numbers
• medical record numbers
• health plan beneficiary numbers

PHI should never be shared with any third parties unless allowed by law. One of the key patient rights ensured by HIPAA is patient access and review of health and billing records at any time (with certain exceptions). Patient portals provide a bridge between patients and care providers—which, in turn, works to improve clinical business metrics.

When we develop a patient portal from scratch (in contrast to using off-the-shelf software products), it’s an opportunity to define own, very specific configuration of features and ideas to suit specific business model at its best.

Patient portals can feature different sets of functions, depending upon their types (standalone or connected):

• A standalone patient portal can work with a primitive back-end solution, since it does not need powerful features or a high-performing database to back it up.

• A connected or tethered patient portal is a front-end solution for an EHR system or combination of portal types. It can offer an unlimited number of features that provide patients with an advanced user experience and services.

Patient Registration/Authorization

First, new patients are introduced to system and get their unique credentials. For more sophisticated protection and enhanced convenience for patients, patient portal can be augmented with traditional multi-factor authentication and/or biometric features: voice command, fingertip recognition, etc.

Personal Profiles

A patient portal of any complexity should have a system governing personal patient profiles that facilitates access rights and data protection. Each personal account/profile should be readily accessible to patients and available for data management, including editing and updating personal data as required by HIPAA and other important regulations.

Medical Appointment Scheduling

Online patient portals allow people to schedule appointments with their physicians. This happens as follows: Patients navigate physician schedules/timetables, view open time slots, and check other relevant information to book an appointment in accordance with their needs. Once a time slot is selected and taken, a confirmation email or call follows.

Chats and Chatbots

One of the most important features of any patient portal interface is the ability to receive personalized help and/or consultation via protected chat. This need can be covered by implementing a live chat feature or chatbot empowered to address a wide number of issues and questions until the intervention of a human operator becomes inevitable. This feature can function as a channel that allows patients to get a quick consultation or clarification from their physician or their subordinates e.g., nurses or healthcare assistants.

News and Education

A patient portal can act as a true gateway to healthcare company news, updates, and educational materials.

Portals can include a collection of health-related recommendations, videos, and/or articles aimed at nurturing a better understanding of disease and corresponding medications, wellness/fitness tips, and important news delivered via push notifications (if allowed by patients).

Personalized Patient Data Management

Patient portals provided by clinics and hospitals should provide access to well-protected personalized patient data, including medical history/records, insurance management, lab test results, billing history, medication plans, and more. Specific configuration of inner data management features depends on the type and purpose of patient portal.

Secure Payment Gateway

One of the most important features of patient portals is the ability to make payments and see payment history. Not all clinics or medical centers allow online payments, as some prefer to accept payments on-site at the POS. However, thanks to wider implementation of telehealth capabilities, online payments are developing, too. In fact, patient portals can be integrated with a third-party payment gateway provider. Additional capabilities such as payment history can also be delivered within protected patient portal.

Source: https://mocdoc.in/blog/a-detailed-view-of-hospital-management-system-hms

Patient Portal Software Development

Step#1: Determine Patient Portal’s Purpose and Features

• Create a list of functions to include in patient portal.
• Identify whether we should be a connection or a standalone portal. Is it a front-end solution for an existing system, or does it need to be built as standalone software?
• For the design architecture of portal, need to define platform configuration (web/mobile) and backend requirements (should be deployed in the cloud or on a dedicated server).
• Identify the web and mobile technologies needed to develop a patient portal of specific configuration.

Step #2: Gather a Team of Skilled Developers

• Based on the technical requirements for patient portal, define the types of developers that need to be included in team: front-end/back-end, full-stack, database developers, UI/UX designers, content writers, etc.
• Make sure to cover needs according to talent/skill set (if identified) by hiring full-/part-time developers.
• Make sure to have a good project manager who is experienced in web and medical mobile application development.
• Make sure to set the general deadline and budget for the project.

Step #3: Plan Patient Portal Project and Control Execution

• Break the project down into doable tasks and assign them to team members.
• Set deadlines for each activity.
• Get UI/UX designer to plan interface and usability features.
• Get the programmers/developers to accomplish the whole project
• Ensure fruitful collaboration between the coders and QA engineers
• Make sure to implement all necessary security features and protocols, as required by HIPAA.
• Assign content writers to create user tutorials/tips and scenarios to onboard and guide patients throughout portal’s capabilities.

Cost to develop patient portal

Development Team

Development of a basic patient portal with a few critical features usually requires 2-3 developers (one-two front-end, and one back-end developer) plus a project manager and QA specialist.

The cost of hiring a programmer in the U.S. is expensive. The average yearly wage of a front end developer runs as high as $105k, or at least $8K per month.

The average duration of this type of project is 2-3 months. Hiring three freelance developers for three months will cost at least $70-80K (in house specialists will cost more). Compensation should also be added for a project manager and QA engineers to be included in the process.

Hiring a team of remote developers will cost less. Developers of the same proficiency levels in Ukraine are paid $2,500-3,500 per month, meaning that the same team can cost about $30-40K.

Duration of the Project

Depending on the technological profile and the size of the team, project execution can take three to six months, on average.

The duration of the project can be minimized by assembling ready solutions from different libraries or patient portal software vendors and open-source catalogs via API integration and appropriate setting of those components.

At the same time, a highly customized patient portal with a lot of individualized solutions will require lengthier engagement from senior software engineers. This will contribute massively to additional development costs.

Summary: A fairly complex patient portal software development project (including web development, cloud-based integration, and other features) can cost about $40-60K per project, with an average project duration of three to six months.

How much does it cost to develop medical software?

Project duration	2-6 months (estimated)
Project components	Online patient portal, multi-cloud backend, access authorization system, API integration, appointment management, notifications, and other features
Team (estimated; may scale up/down)	2-4 developers, 1 QA, 1 project manager
Estimated costs	$40,000-60,000 USD (the exact price should be specified specifically for project)

Source: https://tateeda.com/blog/features-and-advantages-of-hospital-management-software

https://docpulse.com/

Hospital Management System in PHP

Project Requirements

Project Name	Hospital Management System
Language Used	PHP5.6, PHP7.x
Database	MySQL 5.x
User Interface Design	HTML, AJAX,JQUERY,JAVASCRIPT
Web Browser	Mozilla, Google Chrome, IE8, OPERA
Software	XAMPP / Wamp / Mamp/ Lamp

Project Modules

Hospital Management System is a web application for the hospital which manages doctors and patients. In this project, we use PHP and MySQL database.
The entire project mainly consists of 3 modules, which are

• Admin module
• User module
• Doctor module

Admin module:

1. Dashboard: In this section, admin can view the Patients, Doctors, Appointments and New queries.
2. Doctors: In this section, admin can add doctor’s specialization and mange doctors (Add/Update).
3. Users: In this section, admin can view users detail(who take online appointment) and also have right to delete irrelevant user.
4. Patients: In this section, admin can view patient’s details.
5. Appointment History: In this section, admin can view appointment history.
6. Contact us Queries: In this section, admin can view queries which are send by users.
7. Doctor Session Logs: In this section, admin can see login and logout time of doctor.
8. User Session Logs: In this section, admin can see login and logout time of user.
9. Reports: In this section, admin can view reports of patients in particular periods.
10. Patient Search: In this section, admin can search patient with the help of patient name and mobile number.

Admin can also change his/her own password.
User module (patient):

1. Dashboard: In this section, patients can view the his/her profile, Appointments and Book Appointment.
2. Book Appointment: In this section, Patient can book his/her appointment.
3. Appointment History: In this section, Patients can see his/her own appointment history.
4. Medical History: In this section, Patients can see his/her own appointment history.

User can update his/her profile, change the password and recover the password.
Doctor module:

1. Dashboard: In this section, doctor can view his/her own profile and online appointments.
2. Appointment History: In this section, Doctor can see patient’s appointment history.
3. Patients: In this section, doctor can manage patients (Add/Update).
4. Search: In this section, doctor can search patient with the help of patient name and mobile number.

Doctor can also update his profile, change the password and recover the password.

How to run the Hospital Management System (HMS) Project

1. Download the zip file
2. Extract the file and copy hospital folder
3.Paste inside root directory(for xampp xampp/htdocs, for wamp wamp/www, for lamp var/www/html)
4. Open PHPMyAdmin (http://localhost/phpmyadmin)
5. Create a database with name hms
6. Import hms.sql file(given inside the zip package in SQL file folder)
7.Run the script http://localhost/hospital (frontend)

Login Details
Login Details for admin : admin/Test@12345
Login Details for Patient: [email protected]/Test@123
Login Details for Doctor: [email protected]/Test@123

Screenshots attached below by name: Homepage HMS PHP, User Registration HMS PHP, Doctor Manage Patients HMS PHP and Admin Dashboard HMS PHP.

Source: https://phpgurukul.com/hospital-management-system-in-php/

Hospital Management System in C++

Functions Supported:

• Print Hospital DATA
• Print Patients data
• SORT BY Beds Price
• SORT BY Available Beds
• SORT BY NAME
• SORT BY Rating and reviews
• Print hospital of any specific city

The important functions in the program:

1. PrintHospitalData() : It will print all the hospitals data.
2. PrintPatientData() : It will print all the hospitals data.
3. SortHospitalByName(): Sort all the hospitals from name
4. SortHospitalByRating(): Sort hospitals according to rating
5. SortByBedsAvailable() : Sort hospitals according to beds available
6. SortByBedsPrice(): Sort hospitals according to the minimum price.

Approach:

• Create classes for both the Hospital dataset and Patient data.
• Initialize variables that store Hospital dataset and Patient data.
• Create objects for hospitals and Patient classes that access the Hospital dataset and Patient data.
• use two arrays that hold the Hospital dataset and Patient data.
• Implement the given functionality as shown below.

Code

// C++ program to implement the Hospital
// Management System
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Store the data of Hospital
class Hospital {
public:
string H_name;
string location;
int available_beds;
float rating;
string contact;
string doctor_name;
int price;
};

// Stores the data of Patient
class Patient : public Hospital {
public:
string P_name;
int P_id;
};

// Hospital Data
void PrintHospitalData(
vector<Hospital>& hospitals)
{
cout << "PRINT hospitals DATA:"
<< endl;

cout << "HospitalName "
<< "Location "
<< "Beds_Available "
<< "Rating "
<< "Hospital_Contact "
<< "Doctor_Name "
<< "Price_Per_Bed \n";

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
cout << hospitals[i].H_name
<< " "
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].location
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].available_beds
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].rating
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].contact
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].doctor_name
<< " "
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].price
<< " "
<< endl;
}

cout << endl
<< endl;
}

// Function to print the patient
// data in the hospital
void PrintPatientData(
vector<Patient>& patients,
vector<Hospital>& hospitals)
{
cout << "PRINT patients DATA:"
<< endl;
cout << "Patient_Name "
<< "Patient_Id "
<< "Patient_Contact "
<< "Alloted_Hospital "
<< "Patient_Expenditure \n";

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
cout << patients[i].P_name
<< " "
<< " "
<< patients[i].P_id
<< " "
<< " "
<< patients[i].contact
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].H_name
<< " "
<< patients[i].price
<< " "
<< endl;
}

cout << endl
<< endl;
}

// Comparator function to sort the
// hospital data by name
bool name(Hospital& A, Hospital& B)
{
return A.H_name > B.H_name;
}

// Function to sort the hospital
// data by name
void SortHospitalByName(
vector<Hospital> hospitals)
{
// Sort the date
sort(hospitals.begin(),
hospitals.end(),
name);

cout << "SORT BY NAME:"
<< endl
<< endl;
PrintHospitalData(hospitals);
}

// Comparator function to sort the
// hospital data by rating
bool rating(Hospital& A, Hospital& B)
{
return A.rating > B.rating;
}

// Function to sort the hospital
// data by namerating
void SortHospitalByRating(vector<Hospital> hospitals)
{
sort(hospitals.begin(),
hospitals.end(),
rating);

cout << "SORT BY Rating:"
<< endl
<< endl;

PrintHospitalData(hospitals);
}

// Comparator function to sort the
// hospital data by Bed Available
bool beds(Hospital& A, Hospital& B)
{
return A.available_beds > B.available_beds;
}

// Function to sort the hospital
// data by Bed Available
void SortByBedsAvailable(
vector<Hospital> hospitals)
{
sort(hospitals.begin(),
hospitals.end(),
beds);

cout << "SORT BY Available Beds:"
<< endl
<< endl;

PrintHospitalData(hospitals);
}

// Comparator function to sort the
// hospital data by Bed Price
bool beds_price(Hospital& A, Hospital& B)
{
return A.price < B.price;
}

// Function to sort the hospital
// data by Bed Price
void SortByBedsPrice(
vector<Hospital> hospitals)
{
sort(hospitals.begin(),
hospitals.end(),
beds_price);

cout << "SORT BY Available Beds Price:"
<< endl
<< endl;

PrintHospitalData(hospitals);
}

// Comparator function to sort the
// hospital data by City
void PrintHospitalBycity(
string city, vector<Hospital> hospitals)
{
cout << "PRINT hospitals by Name :"
<< city << endl;

cout << "HospitalName "
<< "Location "
<< "Beds_Available "
<< "Rating "
<< "Hospital_Contact "
<< "Doctor_Name "
<< "Price_Per_Bed \n";

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

if (hospitals[i].location != city)
continue;
cout << hospitals[i].H_name
<< " "
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].location
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].available_beds
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].rating
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].contact
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].doctor_name
<< " "
<< " "
<< hospitals[i].price
<< " "
<< endl;
}
cout << endl
<< endl;
}

// Function to implement Hospital
// Management System
void HospitalManagement(
string patient_Name[], int patient_Id[],
string patient_Contact[], int bookingCost[],
string hospital_Name[], string locations[], int beds[],
float ratings[], string hospital_Contact[],
string doctor_Name[], int prices[])
{
// Stores the Hospital data
// and user data
vector<Hospital> hospitals;

// Create Objects for hospital
// and the users
Hospital h;

// Initialize the data
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
h.H_name = hospital_Name[i];
h.location = locations[i];
h.available_beds = beds[i];
h.rating = ratings[i];
h.contact = hospital_Contact[i];
h.doctor_name = doctor_Name[i];
h.price = prices[i];
hospitals.push_back(h);
}

// Stores the patient data
vector<Patient> patients;
Patient p;

// Initialize the data
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
p.P_name = patient_Name[i];
p.P_id = patient_Id[i];
p.contact = patient_Contact[i];
p.price = bookingCost[i];
patients.push_back(p);
}

cout << endl;

// Call the various operations
PrintHospitalData(hospitals);
PrintPatientData(patients, hospitals);

SortHospitalByName(hospitals);
SortHospitalByRating(hospitals);
PrintHospitalBycity("Bangalore", hospitals);
SortByBedsAvailable(hospitals);
SortByBedsPrice(hospitals);
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
// Stores hospital data and
// the user data
string patient_Name[] = { "P1", "P2", "P3", "P4" };
int patient_Id[] = { 2, 3, 4, 1 };
string patient_Contact[]
= { "234534XXX7", "234576XXX2", "857465XXX9",
"567657XXX0" };
int bookingCost[] = { 1000, 1200, 1100, 600 };

string hospital_Name[] = { "H1", "H2", "H4", "H3" };
string locations[] = { "Bangalore", "Bangalore",
"Mumbai ", "Prayagraj" };
int beds[] = { 4, 5, 6, 9 };
float ratings[] = { 5.2, 4.1, 3.4, 5.9 };
string hospital_Contact[]
= { "657534XXX7", "298766XXX2", "324565XXX9",
"343456XXX4" };
string doctor_Name[] = { "D1", "D4", "D3", "D2" };
int prices[] = { 100, 200, 100, 290 };

// Function Call
HospitalManagement(
patient_Name, patient_Id, patient_Contact,
bookingCost, hospital_Name, locations, beds,
ratings, hospital_Contact, doctor_Name, prices);

return 0;
}

Output

The output has been attached below named Output of HMS in C++ (1), Output of HMS in C++ (2) and Output of HMS in C++ (3).

Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/hospital-management-system-in-c/